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The Pelvis

The Pelvis. ANHB 2212 – 2008 Avinash Bharadwaj. Bony Pelvis. Hip bones Sacrum Joints and ligaments. Hip Bone. Ligaments. Sacrospinous. Sacrotuberous. Notches  Foramina. Other ligaments. The walls. Pelvis as a container Muscles Piriformis Obturator muscles (Internus/externus)

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The Pelvis

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  1. The Pelvis ANHB 2212 – 2008 Avinash Bharadwaj

  2. Bony Pelvis • Hip bones • Sacrum • Joints and ligaments

  3. Hip Bone

  4. Ligaments • Sacrospinous • Sacrotuberous • Notches  Foramina • Other ligaments

  5. The walls • Pelvis as a container • Muscles • Piriformis • Obturator muscles (Internus/externus) • Membrane • Vessels and nerves

  6. The Floor • Pelvic diaphragm • Pubis  sacrum (coccyx) • Obturator fascia

  7. The Floor • Pelvic diaphragm • Levator ani • Puborectalis • Pubococcygeus • Iliococcygeus • Coccygeus (ischio-) • Perineum • Urogenital region • …diaphragm • Anal region

  8. Urogenital Region • Male urethra • Penis • Corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa • Muscles • Comparable female structures

  9. The Pelvis – “True” and “False” • Iliac fossae • The pelvic brim • Pelvic cavity

  10. Contents • Urinary system • Bladder and urethra • Repoductive system • Male / female • Digestive system • Rectum – anal canal • Peritoneum…

  11. Urinary Bladder • Muscular wall • Reservoir • Sphincters • Internal – smooth • External – urogenital diaphragm - skeletal • Variation in size, shape and location… • Empty – Tetrahedral, Pelvis • Full – ovoid, partly abdominal

  12. Urogenital Organs - Male • Prostate • Seminal vesicles • Ductus deferens

  13. Female Reproductive Organs • Uterus • Fundus, body, cervix • Vagina • Angles • Fornix • Ovary and the tube

  14. Female Reproductive Organs • Uterus • Fundus, body, cervix • Non-pregnant • Pelvic • Pregnant • Pelvic  12 weeks • Abdominal • 20 weeks – umbilicus • 36 weeks - xiphisternum

  15. Female Reproductive Organs • Ovaries • Descent • Stops in the pelvis • Ligaments • Round ligament • Ovarian artery • From aorta

  16. Female Reproductive Organs • Uterine tubes • Parts • Also note • Ovarian artery • Uterine artery • Ligaments

  17. Rectum and Anal Canal • The junction • Developmental correlation • Venous anastomoses • Nerves and lymphatics • Mucosa and sphincters Internal sphincter – smooth muscle External sphincter - skeletal

  18. Rectum and Anal Canal • Lower part • Ectodermal • Systemic veins • “Modified skin”

  19. The Pelvis – Birth Canal • Is it adequate? • How do we know? • Sexual dimorphism • Variations and types

  20. Pelvic Dimensions • Inlet • Midcavity • Outlet • A-P • Transverse • Oblique

  21. Types of Female Pelvis • Gynaecoid • Android • Antrhopoid • Platypelloid • Abnormalities

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