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Soil Survey Concepts

Soil Survey Concepts. SPS 735. Soil Map. Soil map: A map showing the distribution of soils or other soil map units in relation to the prominent physical and cultural features of the earth's surface. The following kinds of soil maps are recognized in the USA . Soil Map. First-order surveys.

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Soil Survey Concepts

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  1. Soil Survey Concepts SPS 735

  2. Soil Map • Soil map: A map showing the distribution of soils or other soil map units in relation to the prominent physical and cultural features of the earth's surface. The following kinds of soil maps are recognized in the USA

  3. Soil Map

  4. First-order surveys • First-order surveys are made for very intensive land uses requiring very detailed information about soils, generally in small areas. The information can be used in planning for irrigation, drainage, truck crops, citrus or other specialty crops, experimental plots, individual building sites, and other uses that require a detailed and very precise knowledge of the soils and their variability.

  5. Second-order surveys • Second-order surveys are made for intensive land uses that require detailed information about soil resources for making predictions of suitability for use and of treatment needs. The information can be used in planning for general agriculture, construction, urban development, and similar uses that require precise knowledge of the soils and their variability.

  6. Third-order surveys • Third-order surveys are made for land uses that do not require precise knowledge of small areas or detailed soils information. Such survey areas are usually dominated by a single land use and have few subordinate uses. The information can be used in planning for range, forest, recreational areas, and in community planning.

  7. Fourth-order surveys • Fourth-order surveys are made for extensive land uses that need general soil information for broad statements concerning land-use potential and general land management. The information can be used in locating, comparing, and selecting suitable areas for major kinds of land use, in regional land-use planning, and in selecting areas for more intensive study and investigation.

  8. Fifth-order surveys • Fifth-order surveys are made to collect soils information in very large areas at a level of detail suitable for planning regional land use and interpreting information at a high level of generalization. The primary use of this information is selection of areas for more intensive study. • Scale,

  9. (i) soil map, detailed • - A soil map on which the boundaries are shown between all soils that are significant to potential use as field management systems. The scale of the map will depend upon the purpose to be served, the intensity of land use, the pattern of soils, and the scale of the other cartographic materials available. Traverses are usually made at 400-m, or more frequent, intervals. Commonly a scale of 10 cm = 1609 m is now used for field mapping in the USA.

  10. (ii) soil map, detailed reconnaissance • - A reconnaissance map on which some areas or features are shown in greater detail than usual, or than others

  11. (iii) soil map, generalized • - A small-scale soil map which shows the general distribution of soils within a large area and thus in less detail than on a detailed soil map. Generalized soil maps may vary from soil association maps of a county, on a scale of 1 cm = 633 m, to maps of larger regions showing associations dominated by one or more great soil groups.

  12. (iv) soil map, reconnaissance • - A map showing the distribution of soils over a large area as determined by traversing the area at intervals varying from about 800 m to several kilometers. The units shown are soil associations. Such a map is usually made only for exploratory purposes to outline areas of soil suitable for more intensive development. The scale is usually much smaller than for detailed soil maps

  13. (v) soil map, schematic • - A soil map compiled from scant knowledge of the soils of new and undeveloped regions by the application of available information about the soil-formation factors of the area. Usually on a small scale ( 1:1 000 000 or smaller).

  14. Soil Map

  15.  SOIL MAP LEGEND Map Unit SymbolMap Unit Name 145B2 Saybrook silt loam, 2-5%, mod. eroded 277C2 Arnot loam, 5 to 10%, mod. eroded 277B2 Arnot loam, 2 to 5%, mod. eroded.

  16. Soil Map Unit A conceptual group of one to many delineations identified by the same name in a soil survey that represent similar landscape areas comprised of either: (1) the same kind of component soil, plus inclusions, or (2) two or more kinds of component soils, plus inclusions, or (3) component soils and miscellaneous area, plus inclusions, or (4) two or more kinds of component soils that may or may not occur together in various delineations but all have similar, special use and management, plus inclusions, or (5) a miscellaneous area and included soils. (ii) A loose synonym for a delineation.

  17. Kinds of Map units • Consociations • Complexes • Associations • Undifferentiated Groups

  18. Consociations • Mapped areas dominated by a single soil taxon and similar soils. • At least half of the pedons on each delineation of a consociation are of the same soil components that supply the name for the map unit. Much of the remainder of the mapping unit consists of soils so similar to the named soil that major use and management interpretations are not significantly different. • Generally, the total area of dissimilar inclusions of other components in a map unit does not exceed 15 to 25 %. A single component of dissimilar inclusions generally does not exceed 10 % if very contrasting.

  19. Complexes and Associations • Complexes and associations consist of two or more dissimilar components occurring in a regularly repeating pattern. • Only an arbitrary rule related to mapping scale determines whether the name complex or association should be used.

  20. Complexes • The major components of a complex cannot be mapped separately a scale of about 1:24,000

  21. Associations • The major components of an association can be separated at a scale of about 1:24,000

  22. Complexes/Associations • A kind of map unit used in soil surveys comprised of delineations, each of which shows the size, shape, and location of a landscape unit composed of two or more kinds of component soils or component soils and miscellaneous areas, plus allowable inclusions in either case. The individual bodies of component soils and miscellaneous areas are large enough to be delineated at the scale of 1:24,000. Several to numerous bodies of each kind of component soil or miscellaneous area are apt to occur in each delineation and they occur in a fairly repetitive and describable pattern.

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