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GENDER EMPOWERMENT MEASUREMENT (GEM)

GENDER EMPOWERMENT MEASUREMENT (GEM). GEM captures gender inequality in 3 key areas: Political participation and decision making power: women’s and men’s % shares of parliamentary seats Economic participation and decision-making power: measured by 2 indicators:

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GENDER EMPOWERMENT MEASUREMENT (GEM)

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  1. GENDER EMPOWERMENT MEASUREMENT (GEM) • GEM captures gender inequality in 3 key areas: • Political participation and decision making power: women’s and men’s % shares of parliamentary seats • Economic participation and decision-making power: measured by 2 indicators: • M and F % shares of positions as legislators, senior officials and managers • M and F% shares of professional and technical positions • Power over economic resources as measured by F and M estimated earned income (PPP US$)

  2. For each dimensions an equally distributed equivalent percentage (EDEP) is calculated (see the GDI) • For dimensions 1 and 2 the EDEP is indexed by dividing it by 50 (in an ideal society with equal empowerment the GEM variables would equal 50%) • Finally the GEM is calculated as a simple average of the three indexed EDEPs

  3. 1 1- 1 1-є EXAMPLE: GEM IN GREECE 1. Calculating the equally distributed equivalent % (EDEP) for parliamentary representation EDEP formula 1 - є } { 1 - є [ ] [ ] ( ) ( ) Male population share Female index Female population share Male index + ] { } [ [ 1 - ] 1 - ) ) ( ( + Replacement in EDEP formula - 1 } { =15.70 + 0.0583 0.00539 8,7 0,507 91,3 0,492 2 2 2

  4. The EDEP for parliamentary representation is indexed to 50% (ideal value) 15.70 0.314 EDEP for parliamentary representation = 50

  5. 1 1- 1 1-є EXAMPLE: GEM IN GREECE 2.1 Calculating (EDEP) for economic participation I (legislators, senior officials and managers) 1 - є } { 1 - є [ ] [ ] ( ) ( ) Male population share Female index Female population share Male index + ] { } [ [ 1 - ] 1 - ) ) ( ( + - 1 } { =37.82 + 0.0198 0.00661 25,6 0,507 74,4 0,492 2 2 2

  6. The EDEP for economic participation I (legislators, senior officials and managers) is indexed to 50% 37.82 0.756 EDEP for economic participation I = 50

  7. 1 1- 1 1-є EXAMPLE: GEM IN GREECE 2.2 Calculating (EDEP) for economic participation II (professional and technical positions) 1 - є } { 1 - є [ ] [ ] ( ) ( ) Male population share Female index Female population share Male index + ] { } [ [ 1 - ] 1 - ) ) ( ( + - 1 } { =49.88 + 0.01058 0.00944 0,507 47,9 52,1 0,492 2 2 2

  8. The EDEP for economic participation II (professional and technical positions) is indexed to 50% 49.88 0.998 EDEP for economic participation II = 50

  9. The two EDEP indexes are then averaged to create the EDEP for economic participation 0.756 + 0.998 EDEP for economic participation 0.877 = = 2

  10. 1 1- 1 1-є EXAMPLE: GEM IN GREECE 3. Calculating EDEP for income { [ } 1 - є [ ( ] ) 1 - є ] ( ) Female index Female population share Male population share Male index + } { [ ] ] [ ) ) ( ( 1 - 1 - + - 1 } { =0,377 + 0,7699 1,8778 0,270 0,507 0,492 0,639 2 2 2

  11. * the estimated earned income is US$ 10892 for F and US$ 25601 for M and thus the corresponding income indexes are: 10892-100 0.270 = F Income index = 40000-100 25601-100 0.639 M Income index = = 40000-100

  12. 4. Calculating the GEM as a simple average of the three EDEP indexes 0.314 + 0.877 + 0.377 0.523 GEM = = 3

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