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Gender within Governance for Empowerment

Gender within Governance for Empowerment. Summary of Gender Status within the SNV East and Southern Africa Region Regional Seminar on Governance for Empowerment, Kenya, November 2007 Dr Shirley Randell AM. Why Gender?.

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Gender within Governance for Empowerment

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  1. Gender within Governance for Empowerment Summary of Gender Status within the SNV East and Southern Africa Region RegionalSeminar on Governance for Empowerment, Kenya, November 2007 Dr Shirley Randell AM

  2. Why Gender? • Gender equality and women’s empowerment is Goal 3 of the MDGs and is intricately linked with Goal 1: Poverty reduction and Goal 2: Gender parity in education • All ESA countries have ratified CEDAW and other international and African conventions supporting gender equality • The Rights of Women in Africa is a Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’ Rights signed by all ESA countries GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  3. Why Gender? • Gender equality is a key objective of NEPAD • Women’s inadequate control over livelihood assets such as land, labour, skills and information networks, technology, and financial capital remains one of the root causes of poverty. • Attaining gender parity in all aspects of the country’s development remains a major challenge in all ESA countries GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  4. Related gender targets innational poverty reduction strategies • Ethiopia: Gender is a crosscutting issue in the Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to End Poverty (PASDEP): 2005/6-2009/2010 • Kenya: The Ministry of Gender, Sports, Culture and Social services (MGSCSS) programmes focus on empowering women and dismantling gender-based forms of exclusion. • Mozambique: In the latest PRSP (PARPA II), gender is one of the cross-cutting issues. GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  5. Related gender targets innational poverty reduction strategies • Rwanda: Gender is a crosscutting issue in the EDPRS, which features gender targets • Sudan: The national PRSP: is specifically focusing on targeting the MDGs, which are gender specific and aims to minimize gender disparity • Tanzania: The national PRSP is specifically focusing on targeting the MDGs, which are gender specific and aims to minimize gender disparity GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  6. Related gender targets innational poverty reduction strategies • Uganda has a range of gender targets in its PRSP • Zambia’sPoverty Reduction Strategies give attention to cross cutting gender into all development sectors • Zimbabwe’s national policies and programs target gender equity GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  7. Other relevant country programs related to gender • Ethiopia: National Action Plan on Gender; Women’s Development and Change Package ; • Kenya: Kenya’s vision 2030 has three pillars, one of which is in the social sector which includes among other targets, gender, youth and vulnerable groups • Mozambique: Ministry of Women and Social Action; National Council for Women’s Promotion GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  8. Other relevant country programs related to gender • Rwanda: Vision 2020 has gender equality as one of its pillars; National Gender Policy; National Women’s Employment Strategy; National Education for Girls Policy; One Cow per Poor Household Program • Sudan: Promotion of women’s participation in public life and increase in their representation in the legislative and executive organs • Tanzania: Poverty assessments (data collection & availability) & consultation processes GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  9. Other relevant country programs related to gender • Uganda: Poverty Eradication Action Plan recognizes gender equality as one of the cross cutting themes in all the pillars; Plan for Modernization of Agriculture; Education Sector Investment Plan; National Action Plan for Women; National Gender Policy; Competitiveness and investment climate strategy; National Education for Girls Policy; The Water Sector Investment Plan GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  10. Other relevant country programs related to gender • Zambia; The national approach to gender is to mainstream it in all development sectors • Zimbabwe: There are challenges associated with implementation of programs and sustaining program gains largely due to underlying factors inherent in most societies steeped in patriarchy GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  11. Relevant actors in the sector and SNV’s relationship to them • Government offices- MWA, Regional Women Affairs Bureaus, Gender desks in Sector Ministries and Bureaus • Local (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs)- Women Lawyers Associations, Women’s Self-help Associations, FAWE, Media Women’s Associations, Networks for Women’s Associations, Christian Relief and Development and other religious associations, women’s associations at national, district and local levels GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  12. Relevant actors in the sector and SNV’s relationship to them • Bi-lateral and multilateral organizations, International NGOS and Embassies- UNDP, UNIFEM, UNICEF, EKN, Irish Embassy, NORAD, DFID, ActionAid, ECA, Panos, British Council • The legislative assemblies, women parliamentarians, Ministry of Legal Affairs and constitutional development • SNV currently works with some of these actors as partners and/or clients GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  13. Involvement of EKN • Ethiopia: According to the Multi-annual Strategic Plan: 2006-08, EKN takes up gender as a CCI with the main focus on women’s empowerment. • Kenya: In the area of gender, EKN contributes to the basket funds of the gender and governance programme aimed at engendering the political processes through support to key CSOs • Mozambique: EKN has a thematic officer for Gender and HIV/AIDS GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  14. Involvement of EKN • Rwanda: EKN has supported a program for mainstreaming gender into DDPs and CBOs, the establishment of gender advisers at district level, and is now working with other donors through Joint Financing Agreements in core GoR programs with a gender focus • Sudan: EKN programmes have an emphasis on activities closer to Khartoum, involved early on in a National Women’s Peace Network, and joint donor offices GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  15. Involvement of EKN • Tanzania: Capacity Building for Local Governance Actors in districts, which cover gender dimensions of development; among other donors contributing to basket funding and in the Tanzania Joint Assistance Strategy; gender department of the embassy in Dar Es Salaam; important role in the Gender Mainstreaming Working Group in the PRSP which was funded and hosted by EKN; gender officer in the embassy has sought direct working relationship with SNV. GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  16. Involvement of EKN • Uganda: a member of the policy working group on gender and the PEAP review, and supporting teacher accommodation • Zambia: with other donors supports effective coordination of the HIV/Aids multisectoral response through the Joint Financing Agreement (JFA) with the UK, Irish AID, Sweden and Norway • Zimbabwe: limited role alongside its limited participation in program development outside the humanitarian sector GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  17. Particular niche or added value of SNV • Build the organizational and institutional capacity of clients and local capacity builders (LCBs) in gender mainstreaming • Facilitate establishment and strengthening of networks and joint action • Strengthen capacity of strategic clients on lobby and advocacy • Expatriate and national gender advisors with gender expertise and pool of governance advisers with generic gender knowledge contribute to Knowledge Development, Brokering, and Networking GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  18. Particular niche or added value of SNV • Instrumental in linking clients/constellations within a sector to gender based organizations for sustainability of the gender mainstreaming and gender knowledge within the districts and sectors • Gender is critical for achieving sustainability and success in our work, including PIE and BASE and all PIE and BASE advisers have had training in and demonstrate a commitment to gender when working in their impact areas . GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  19. Particular niche or added value of SNV • Each impact area has a focal point for gender and a gender working group has been established and is functional • Expertise in gender policy analysis and gender tools has contributed in Knowledge Brokering and Networking (KBN) at national policy level • Writing expertise has supported gender publications GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  20. Particular niche or added value of SNV • SNV is facilitating the National Pool of Gender Experts in collaboration with Canadian Cooperation. • SNV can play a catalyst role to ensure gender policy is understood and implemented, and channel problems and challenges to policy makers. • SNV has wide range of contacts at all levels, GOSS, states, counties and even below, and across all actors, UN, INGOs, LNGOs, CBOs and private sectors so can link people to gender issues GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  21. Particular niche or added value of SNV • Our main niche in this is mainly the ability to bring actors in the sector together for effective sharing and exchange. Now with the EKN coming on board, especially for gender interventions, we hope to broaden our approaches and perspectives at national level and with a broad coverage of actors. • The emerging ESA region gender strategy is also encouraging. We hope to bring in our contribution to the region to make gender a tangible reality. (Tanzania) GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  22. Particular niche or added value of SNV • Provide advisory services, KDBN through LCBs to ensure that: • Client organization’s services are sensitive to the needs of women and PLWHA through support to gender analyses, production of gender disaggregated data and development of gender mainstreaming capacities through tools development and sharing of gender approaches • Supporting prioritization of gender and HIV/Aids interventions in budgeting, planning, policy formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation at both macro and meso levels through work with national based institutions and provincial and district based organizations • Support resource mobilization for HIV/Aids and Gender mainstreaming among client organizations (Zambia) GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  23. Particular niche or added value of SNV • SNV's work in gender has focused on research and analysis of issues in partnership with other organizations as well as OD support. • The SNV niche is inadequately developed beyond focusing on advancing relevant programs strategies in DRHA and MAP recognizing the differential ‘impacts on socio-political and economic governance on men and women. Our program strategies and activities speak to attempts at articulating issues of gender parity and equity although without a specific gender program practice, clients or stand-alone activities (Zimbabwe) GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  24. Specific challenges Ethiopia • Weak networking among actors • Weak institutional capacity of MWA machineries and NGOs working on gender • Weak, low awareness and institutional setups among the law-enforcing bodies to implement the legal rights of women • Extremely low public awareness on gender issues • Low experience and expertise in gender mainstreaming among government officers GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  25. Specific challenges Mozambique • In BASE it is easy. In PIE it is more difficult. Gender dynamics in agriculture are based on kind of social system in which community is located. The decision-making process tends to always include men, and it is important to note that there is a tendency for men to become the main managers of the household, own and have access to the land, etc. • Challenge to include women in management, production, processing and marketing of agricultural activities GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  26. Specific challenges Rwanda • Cultural beliefs, values and customs • Ensuring that each impact area includes the gender dimension of governance for empowerment. • Selection of impact indicators for achieving results in good governance from a gender perspective • Ensuring all PIE and BASE case studies include gender perspectives • Dealing with confusion about the relationship of women’s empowerment and gender equality • The close relationship between gender and HIV/Aids • Various levels of gender awareness and gender policy and analysis skills of SNV advisors GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  27. Specific challenges Sudan • Inadequate implementation of gender issues at all levels of government but no commitment to the establishment and not a priority of many women who are more focused on survival and recovery • Impact of traditional cultures weakens public good will and there is extremely low awareness • Institutional set up for legal rights of women is very weak as law enforcing bodies are still emerging at all levels. • Low level of awareness within government by officials on gender issues and capacity to address gender disparity is weak. GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  28. Specific challenges Tanzania • Incorporating gender into poverty reduction processes • The role of a woman in striking the balance for practical equality and equity part possible is still a far off reality. • Making gender a reality in the north given patriarchal elements and long rooted culture of male dominance • Poverty of the women both material well being and education – awareness levels GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  29. Specific challenges Uganda • Gender is still not prioritized by actors • Inadequate disaggregation of data • Allocated funds inadequate. • Apathy in the private sector and water sector • Ensuring that impact areas includes gender dimension of governance for empowerment. • Selection of impact indicators for achieving results in good govern. with gender perspective • Ensuring all PIE and BASE case studies include gender perspectives • Confusion about the relations of WE and GE • The close relations between gender/ HIV/Aids GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  30. Specific challengesZambia • Work with AIDS Service organisations and institutions at national, provincial and districts levels to improve livelihoods of PLWHA. • AS and KDBN through LCBs to ensure : • Client organization’s services are sensitive to the needs of women and PLWHA • Prioritize gender and HIV/Aids interventions in budgeting, planning, policy formulation, implementation, monitoring • Evaluation at both macro and meso levels. • No clear targets in the National HIV and AIDS strategic frameworks or in the Fifth National Development Plan 2006-2010 on gender GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  31. Specific challengesZimbabwe • We observe that gender issues have been generally overwhelmed by the economic and socio-political crisis in the country. Analyses and strategies to deal with the crisis do not directly engage with gender issues. In fact some of the violence against women has occurred outside the home and in political parties with limited redress (within and around parties). Political commitment might be there but there is no practical commitment from macro (governmental) to micro (household). GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  32. Reasons for geographical choices • Strategic nature of the issue (crosscutting) makes it important to integrate gender in the impact areas across all operational areas of SNV • Interventions in gender will involve working with national, district and sector based partners and clients across ESA countriesClients/client constellations working with • GoR has recently expressed a preference for working closely with the poorest sectors in each of the 30 districts. GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  33. Clients/client constellations • GOs, NGOs, CSOs, FBOs and private sector in constellations within sectors, within districts • National level partners and clients for advocacy for policy change • Regional authorities that bring together a number of districts as a constellation of clients. • Meso level LCBs for gender equality and women’s empowerment • District authorities to improve service delivery GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  34. Clients/client constellations • Gender specialized organizations at national, regional/district levels, institutions, CSOs and FBOs that have strong gender departments • Institutions and NGOs working in the value chains with private sector development institutions, such as CAPMER and PSF and LCBs • Work with MINEDUC to support girl child education in partnership with LCBs such as FAWE and RAUW. • Work with UNICEF and LCBs in WaSH, etc GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  35. Strategic partners • MWA, MIGEPROF for advocacy, policy influence and implementation • Government ministries for policy influence and service delivery at district/community level • EKN & other embassies for funding, policy influence GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

  36. Strategic partners • UN agencies - UNICEF, UNDP, UNIFEM NORAD for funding, advocacy, policy influence • Bilateral agencies, e.g. DFID, Canadian Corporation • International NGOs, e.g. GTZ, Oxfam • Districts in service delivery • Associations – National Honey Council, NGOCC GIE inter-regional meeting - 19 November 2007

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