THE NORTH AND SOUTH SPLIT APART

2. THE NORTH AND SOUTH SPLIT APART ECONOMY SLAVERY STATES’ RIGHTS

4. Economy • Industry • Commerce • Cities • Growing middle class • Railroads and canals created relationship between the east coast and the Midwest • Agriculture • Plantations • A few wealthy planters controlled Southern society • Dependant on foreign markets

5. Antislavery and Racism • Abolitionists believed slavery was unjust • Northern states were not dependent on slave labor. There was an abundance of cheap labor in the crowded cities. • Southern slave owners defended slavery by saying that they were “Christianizing” slaves while providing for them. • Southern plantation system was heavily dependent on slave labor

6. The Wilmot Proviso Northerners worried that the new territories acquired from the Mexican American War would become slave states. The Wilmot Proviso was proposed to prohibit slavery in any of these new territories. The south argued that it was unconstitutional to tell citizens what they could and could not do with their “property.”

7. The Wilmot Proviso passed the House but not Senate. Though it never became a law, it was the beginning of hostilities between the Northern and Southern states on the issue of slavery. The Free – Soil Party was established by Northerners trying to prevent slavery from spreading into the newly acquired territories.

8. 1. The proposed bill to prohibit slavery in the new territories acquired in the Mexican Cession was called the: • Fugitive Slave Act • Lincoln Douglas Debate • Wilmot Proviso • Compromise of 1850

9. Controversy Over Territories The controversy continued. As the newly acquired territories grew, they became eligible to apply for statehood. This threatened to disrupt the balance between slave and free states that had been established with the Missouri Compromise of 1820.

10. California becomes a Free State The gold rush so populated California that by 1850, it was eligible to become a state. Congress was divided. Representatives of the slave states didn’t want to admit California as a free state. FREE

11. Compromise of 1850 • To appease the Northern states, California would be admitted as a FREE state and slavery would be abolished in Washington D.C. • To appease the Southern states, slavery would not be prohibited in new territories, AND a stricter law would be passed to help southern slave holders recapture slaves that had escaped to the north – The Fugitive Slave Act.

13. 2. To appease the Northern States, the Compromise of 1850 called for a stricter law to force captured slaves to be returned to the South.

14. Review Questions • What were two ways that the North and the South differed by the mid-1800s? • In what ways was racism common in both the North and the South? • How did the War with Mexico lead to conflict between the North and the South?

15. The Fugitive Slave Act • This new act would require Northerners to help southern slave owners capture runaway slaves that had made it to “freedom.” • The south felt the act was justified as slaves were “property.” Many Northerners resented being required by law to assist in a system they felt was morally wrong.

17. Rewards for Runaway Slaves

18. Uncle Tom’s Cabin In 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin. The story focused on the life of a slave named Tom and his family. The book became very popular in the north and greatly influenced the growth of the abolitionist movement.

19. 3. The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was: • Abraham Lincoln • Stephen Douglas • Walt Whitman • Harriet Beecher Stowe

20. The Kansas – Nebraska Act • Senator Stephen A. Douglas proposed that the Nebraska Territory be divided into two territories – Nebraska and Kansas. He said that each territory should decide by popular sovereignty (vote by the people) whether to be slave or free.

21. The Kansas – Nebraska Act passed. It nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The Missouri Compromise had stated that NO new territories would become slave states. The Kansas – Nebraska Act, however, allowed each state that formed from the new territories to decide for itself. Northerners were outraged – Southerners elated.

22. Bleeding Kansas Many people who were not citizens of Kansas rushed across the border to vote for slavery in the new state. Violence broke out. Proslavery attackers ransacked houses and government offices. John Brown – a radical abolitionist – retaliated by murdering five proslavery neighbors.

23. According to the Kansas – Nebraska Act, each new state should have the power to decide if it would be slave or free through: • Popular sovereignty • Congressional vote • Governor’s rule • Ennie Meanie Minie Moe

24. Violence in Congress The violence spread to the Senate. One senator attacked another and beat him over the head with a cane thirty times.

25. The Republican Party Forms • The Republican Party formed from Northern Whigs and others who were against slavery.

26. Political Parities of the 1850’s

27. 1856 Election – Democrats Pro-slavery – Republicans Anti-slavery

28. The Election of 1856 The Republicans ran John C. Fremont and the Democrats nominated James Buchanan. Buchanan won the election 5. According to this map, Southern states wanted Fremont for president. True or False

29. Dred Scott v. Sanford Dred Scott, a slave, was brought to free territory by his owner. After his owner’s death, Scott sued for his freedom. The case went to the Supreme Court. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled against Scott on the basis that Scott was not an American citizen. In addition, Taney ruled that legislation such as the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it violated slaveholders property rights.

30. Lincoln – Douglas Debates Two men fighting for Illinois Senate seats debated the issues of slavery, popular sovereignty, and state state v. federal rights. “A house divided against itself cannot stand”Abraham Lincoln

31. Harper’s Ferry In 1859 the radical abolitionist John Brown and 13 followers attacked the U.S. arsenal at Harper’s Ferry. He wanted to capture weapons to use in a revolution among slaves. Brown was caught, tried, and hanged.

32. The Election of 1860 • The nation was divided over the issue of slavery. • The Republican Party ran one candidate – Abraham Lincoln. • The Democratic Party ran two candidates.

33. What are the Democrats saying about the Republicans in this cartoon?

34. 6. What are the Republicans saying about the Democrats in this political cartoon? • Democrats are babies? • The Democratic platform is threatening the new nation? • Democrats are snakes

35. Lincoln WINS!!!! • According to this map, the Southernmost states were in favor of which candidate: • Lincoln • Breckinridge • Bell • Douglas

36. Did splitting the Democratic ticket affect the outcome of the election of 1860?

37. The South Secedes After Lincoln’s election, On December 20, 1860, South Carolina followed through on the threat of secession and formally announced that she was no longer a part of the United States. During the next six weeks, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana followed South Carolina. 8. True of False – There were no slave states that remained loyal to the Union.

38. What is the opinion of this artist on secession?

39. The Confederate States of America In early February 1861, the states that had seceded (left the union), met in Montgomery, Alabama and formed the Confederate States of America. They elected Jefferson Davis as their president and wrote the Confederate Constitution.

40. Who was elected the president of the Confederate States of America? • Abraham Lincoln • Stephen F. Douglas • Jefferson Davis • Robert E. Lee

41. Lincoln’s Inauguration Lincoln did not recognize the Confederacy, and stated that secession was unconstitutional, but he wanted to avoid war with the south. On March 4, 1861 Abraham Lincoln took his oath of office. In his inaugural speech he addressed the rising tension between North and South

42. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave, every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.Abraham Lincoln.

43. In his inaugural speech, President Lincoln’s words indicated that he: • Wanted war with the South • Recognized the right of the Confederacy to secede • Wanted the nation to stay united • Wasn’t worried about Civil War