Lesson 1 North and South Grow Apart. Pg 54

1. Lesson 1North and South Grow Apart.Pg 54 Chapter 1 A Divided Nation

2. Two Regions • The North and South are very different geographically. • Southerners lived a mainly rural way of life, living and working on farms and in small towns. • Northerners lived an urban way of life, living and working in factories and in large towns and cities.

3. Two Regions • The goals of factory owners in the North were different from those of plantation owners and farmers in the South. • These differences led to strong disagreements. • A Law passed in 1864 lowered tariffs charged for goods imported from other countries. The lower charges on imported goods upset Northern factory owners.

4. Two Regions • Tariffs: A taxation imposed on goods and services imported into a country. Also known as a duty tax. Tariffs are similar to tolls, which have the same kind of effect on the transport of people across borders instead of goods. • Tax: a sum of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, levied upon incomes, property, sales, etc.

5. Two Regions • The problem. Northern industries were very young and trying to make money by selling produced goods to the Southern market, at a high cost.($) Northern industries had to compete with overseas industries. • The Southern market wanted to buy items from overseas, because the South was trading Cotton for a break in price from overseas industries. (More for the $) • All about the $$$$$$$$$$

6. Two Regions • Countries can protect their own industries by assigning a Tariff/Tax on goods produced by other industries outside of the country. • This Tariff/Tax keeps industries at a competitive price level, and hopefully from going out of business.

7. Two Regions • Sectionalism: a loyalty to a section or part of the country rather than to the whole country. • The South wanted lower tariffs/taxes on imported goods. • The North wanted higher tariffs/taxes on imported goods. • The way of life of one section of the United States was threatening the way of life in another section of the United States. (Sectionalism!)

8. Slavery in the South • One very important difference between the North and the South was Slavery. • Slavery was allowed in the South, but not in the North.

9. Slavery in the South • All farming was done by hand. • Massive work forces were required to plant, tend and harvest crops. • Industrial revolution had not occurred yet, so not tractors, tillers, sprayers, ect…….

10. Slavery in the South • Slavery was profitable to the economy of the South. • The goods an enslaved person produced brought in at least twice as much money as the cost of owning the slave. • In 1850 about 6 out of every ten slaves worked in the Cotton fields. • By 1860 almost four millions enslaved African Americans were in the United States.

11. Farming Cotton

12. Different Views on Slavery • North did not approve of slavery. (Abolitionists) The North did not need slavery, due to the constant flow of immigrants arriving into ports seeking jobs. • South did approve of slavery, and needed the workers for agricultural way of life. Farmers could not afford to pay work groups of 30+ people to tend the fields every year.