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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. New theories about the universe A new way of gathering information based on experiment and reasoning. Medical knowledge developed. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. New technologies and tools:

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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

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  1. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION • New theories about the universe • A new way of gathering information based on experiment and reasoning. • Medical knowledge developed

  2. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION • New technologies and tools: • ex. telescope, microscope, Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers and the first air pump that created a vacuum were introduced • Mathematics improved: • introduction of the decimal system, logarithms, and analytical geometry (trigonometry)

  3. Sir Francis Bacon • English Philosopher • Scientific Method

  4. Change in View of Universe • One of the most significant changes • Originally, people believed the earth was at the center. • Using science and mathematics, determined the sun was the center of the universe.

  5. Ptolemy System • A.K.A – geocentric system • Sun and planets revolve around the earth • Earth was stationary • Celestial bodies rotated in a circle or concentric spheres • Heaven was outside the outermost sphere – where God lives.

  6. Copernican System • A.K.A -- heliocentric system • Sun is center of universe & planets revolve around it • Takes God/heaven out of the picture • Theory not embraced by society early on.

  7. JOHANNES KEPLER • German astronomer • Confirmed Copernicus’ view of the universe • Developed three laws of planetary motion • Determined planets take an elliptical path, not circular

  8. GALILEO • Italian Astronomer • First to use a telescope to observe skies • His discoveries formed bases of modern physics • Discovered how planetary bodies move in space; bodies of different weight fall at same speed

  9. GALILEO • Galileo published his work in The Starry Messenger (1610). • Catholic Church went after Galileo; ordered him to stop his work • It challenged the Church’s view of God as head of the universe. • Galileo did recant his statements, but only under great pressure from the Church

  10. SIR ISAAC NEWTON • English Scientist – considered greatest genius of Sci. Revolution • Discovered laws of universal gravitation. • Published his work in Principia • Developed calculus. • Found that light is made up of colors of the spectrum.

  11. Modern Chemistry • Robert Boyle • First person to use scientific method in chemistry. • Determined difference between mixtures and compounds. • Developed Boyle’s Law • Joseph Priestley • Identified chemical substances • Researched “airs” – ex. Nitrous Oxide, Ammonia, and Oxygen

  12. Medical Advances • Paracelsus – Swiss doctor • specific diseases had specific external causes – mostly from poisons. • Anton van Leeuwenhoek • explored tiny organisms through a microscope. He opened the door for the discovery of germ-caused diseases.

  13. Andreas Vesalius • Belgium • Pioneer of anatomy. • Dissected dead bodies to understand its make-up. • Published book – On the Fabric of the Human Body • His methods became the standard for all medical practice to this day.

  14. William Harvey • An English Doctor • Discovered how the circulatory system • Heart is the main pump not the liver • Determined how blood pressure worked within the body.

  15. Age of Reason • The period in which the natural sciences expanded is called the Age of Reason • It had its roots in scientific and intellectual advances in the 17th century, and reached its highest point in the 18th century.

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