The Progressive Era

1. The Progressive Era Test Review

2. Key Terms and People • When was the Progressive Era and what is Progressivism? • What is a Settlement House and Why was it important and what would today’s example be of a Settlement House? • What was the name of the movement that promoted the practice of never drinking?

3. Answers • Progressivism and the progressive movement was a movement that came about in the 1890’s to address social problems such as poverty, obsessive drinking, domestic problems • The Settlement House was a community center that provided social services to the inner-city poor. An example of this would be the bridge card, red cross, and any other non-profit organization who helps the poor. • The Temperance Movement.

4. Key Terms and People Cont. • Who was Alice Paul and what where her contributions during the progressive movement? • What was a key piece of Legislation passed during the progressive era that helps to regulate the safety of foods and medications and what impact does it have on use today? • Which amendment was ratified February 25, 1913 which gave congress the right to create an income tax and what did this do for congress?

5. Answers • Alice Paul was an important social activist and suffrage movement leader who formed the National Women's Party. • The Pure Food and Drug Act. • The 16th amendment.

6. Key Terms and People Cont. • Muckrakers were social activists who did what? • Who opened the first birth control clinic? • What was the main purpose of the NAACP and what does NAACP?

7. Answers • They are writers who dramatized the need for reform…this is a form of opinion based writing that is meant to site and give rise to action. • Margaret Sanger • The main purpose of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was to fight discriminatory laws such as the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson, which established the "separate but equal" principle.

8. Key Terms and People What was Gifford Pinchot’s job under Theodore Roosevelt? Who proposed the Square Deal and what did it call for?

9. Answers • He was the head of the Division of Forestry • Theodore Roosevelt proposed the Square Deal and it was a plan that laid out how a fair government should operate.

10. Key Concepts • What is a Naturalist Novel and which one portrayed unsanitary conditions in Chicago’s Stockyards? • What did the Social Gospel preach and which social gospelist outlined the Social Gospel movement in the book “Christianity and the Social Crisis”? • Which decade saw the largest rise in women working in manufacturing and what was the number of women working during that decade?

11. Answers • It is a novel that illuminated human misery and the name of the novel in question is Frances Ellen Watkins, “Iola Leroy” • It taught to follow the bible to fix social problems and Walter Rauschenbusch wrote the Book “Christianity and the Social Crisis. • The 1890’s saw the largest rise in women in manufacturing rising up to 500,000 women.

12. Key Concepts • Americanization and the progressives that promoted it pushed immigrants to do what? • Why was the Urban League create and what was one of its major functions? • Who was most affected by the passage of the Dawes Act and what did it do to that groups living conditions?

13. Answers • Americanization and its supporters pushed immigrants to accept the white middle class protestant lifestyle. • The Urban League formed in response to the 1908 race riots in Springfield, Illinois and it was created to make loans and provide legal assistance to African Americans much like the NAACP. • Native Americans were the most affected group after the enactment of the Dawes Act and it separated their reservations into single plots. So what did this mean for their life style?

14. Key Concepts • In what strike did President Theodore Roosevelt get involved in, in 1902? What did he threaten to do if the strike continued and why did he do it? • John Muir is know best for what? • In 1914 Congress passed what two Acts that allowed the government to better monitor big business and what did they allow “The People” to do.

15. Answers • During the Coal Miners strike of 1902 The President Threatened to send in federal troops to stop the strike. His reasoning for the use of such force was to ensure the follow of coal to businesses and homes. This was because at the time coal was the major source of energy…not petroleum like today. • His efforts lead to the Creation of Yellow Stone National Park. • The Clayton Antitrust and Federal Trade Commission Acts of 1914. The first allowed workers to more easily collectively bargain/ organize and the second allowed the government to monitor business practices that might lead to the creation of a monopoly.

16. Differences Between the NAWSA and NWP • The main difference is that National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was less radical than National Women’s Party(NWP) which was established by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns after leaving NAWSA. They felt the movement needed a more aggressive method just like the movement in Britain. NAWSA did not approve of the methods NWP used which was, hunger strikes, mass gatherings, picketing and much more. Instead the NAWSA took the more traditional route of lobbing congress and used the referendum process to get woman’s suffrage laws passed at the state level.

17. Education, Women and the Progressive movement • Education allowed women to travel outside the home and it gave them the training that was required for them to be able to expand their role in the community. It also was a tool of ideas that helped to push women outside of the home into the communities and gave them the tools to deal with the problems in their communities.

18. Progressive era and its Affects on today • The lessons learned from the Progressive movement could help us out today…how? What could we learn from the progressive movement that could help. The first and foremost is the fact that we need to work together. That reforms then and now must lean away from selfish ambitions and think more about the common good and need to look at alternative viewpoints and concerns if they are to not only see the whole picture but also if they are to come up with a solution that will help everyone.

19. How did Racism and prejudice affect the Progressive Movement? • While the progressive movement was one of change, opportunity, hope, and equality and safety for everyone it was hindered in its efforts by racism and prejudice. While many people believed in many of the principles of the progressive movement many could not see past race. Many White progressives still believed that white people were more intelligent and that in order for people of color to truly be accepted and thrive in society they must conform to the white, protestant middle class lifestyle.