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Understanding Calcium Signaling and Coupling Mechanisms in Cardiac and Smooth Muscle

This comprehensive overview examines the intricate mechanisms of calcium signaling and contraction in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. It highlights the roles of sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and ATP in excitation-contraction coupling, focusing on processes such as action potentials, calcium-induced calcium release, and crossbridge cycling. Key pathways and interactions are discussed, including the implications of pharmacological agents on muscle relaxation and contraction. This exploration provides valuable insights into the fundamental processes underlying muscle physiology.

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Understanding Calcium Signaling and Coupling Mechanisms in Cardiac and Smooth Muscle

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  1. 2K 2K Na Na Na ATP 3Na Ca 2Na Ca H Na H Cyt 3Na ATP ATP NCX Sarcolemma Na Ca Ca PLB RyR ATP ICa SR Ca Ca [Ca]i NCX AP (Em) T-Tubule 3Na Contraction by D.M. Bers

  2. 2K Na Na Na ATP 3Na Ca 2Na Ca H Na H Cyt 3Na ATP NCX Sarcolemma Na Ca Ca PLB RyR ATP ICa SR Ca Ca [Ca]i NCX AP (Em) T-Tubule 3Na Contraction by D.M. Bers

  3. 2K 2K Na Na Na ATP 3Na Ca 2Na Ca H Na H Cyt 3Na ATP ATP NCX Sarcolemma Na Ca Ca PLB RyR ATP ICa SR Ca Ca [Ca]i NCX AP (Em) T-Tubule 3Na Contraction by D.M. Bers

  4. Ventricular Myocyte 2K Na ATP PLM K Cl 3Na ATP PLB Ca Cyt 2Na H H Ca Na 3Na ATP Na- CaX Sarcolemma Ca Ca Ca RyR ICa SR Ca Ca Ca Myofil Ca Na- CaX 3Na T-Tubule Mito by D.M. Bers

  5. Crossbridge Cycle Chemical steps & Physical steps correlate http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/movies/actin_myosin.html

  6. Crossbridge Cycle Chemical steps & Physical steps correlate http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/movies/actin_myosin.html

  7. Smooth Muscle EC-Coupling Pharmaco-electrical coupling or inhibited K channel Electro-mechanical coupling ICa driven APs or Ca entry & Depol ICa can occur during tonic depol. at -50 to -15 mV and [Ca]i elevation via store-operated Ca channels Phasic IP3- & SR-dependent Tonic Ca2+ influx-dependent (store operated Ca entry) DAG-PKC Pharmaco-mechanical Coupling

  8. Smooth Muscle EC-Coupling Many agents work via cGMP & cAMP cGMP stimulates MLC dephosporylation relaxation cAMP stimulates SR Ca uptake, spontaneous local Ca release (Ca sparks) & Ca-activated K current hyperpolarization & relaxation RyR IK(Ca) Pharmaco-electrical coupling Electro-mechanical coupling Ca entry & Depol Pharmaco-mechanical Coupling

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