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Understanding Immunity: First-Line Defenses to Specific Pathogens

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phoebe
12 diapositives · 241 Views · Aug 01, 2014

Learn about immune system defenses against disease-causing organisms, from skin barriers to specific antibody responses. Explore active and passive immunity, vaccines, and the role of T and B cells in fighting pathogens.

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Understanding Immunity: First-Line Defenses to Specific Pathogens
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  1. ImmunityCh. 9 Section 3

  2. Immunity 1. pathogens • disease- causing organism • fought by first-line defenses 2. Immune system • second-line of defenses- fights pathogens if they get inside the body • works against specific pathogens

  3. Immunity 3. First-Line Defenses • keep pathogens out • skin, respiratory, digestive, and circulatory system 4. skin • acts like a barrier • perspiration slows the growth of some pathogens

  4. Immunity 5. Respiratory System • internal first-line defense • cilia and mucus trap pathogens • mucus can weaken pathogens’ cell walls • when you cough or sneeze, you get rid of trapped pathogens

  5. Immunity • uses saliva, enzymes, hydrochloric acid and mucus to attack pathogens • saliva can kill bacteria • enzymes in the stomach, pancreas, and liver destroy pathogens • mucus prevents bacteria from sticking to the lining of organs 6. Digestive System

  6. Immunity • when tissue is damaged or infected, chemicals are released to expand capillary walls • this allows more blood to flow to the area with more white blood cells to fight off pathogens 7. inflammation

  7. Immunity • complex molecule that doesn’t belong in your body 8. antigen

  8. Immunity • when immune system finds foreign molecules it calls T cells to help • T cells stimulate B cells to form antibodies • antibody attaches to antigen and makes it useless 9. Specific Immunity

  9. Immunity • release enzymes that help destroy invading matter 10. Killer T cells 11. Helper T cells • turn on the immune system

  10. Immunity • a protein made in response to a specific antigen 12. antibody 13. Memory B cells • have antibodies for specific pathogens • remain in blood, ready to defend against and invasion by the same pathogen if it comes back

  11. Immunity • your body makes its own antibodies in response to an antigen 14. Active Immunity 15. Passive Immunity • when antibodies that have been produced in another animal are put into your body • doesn’t last as long as active immunity so you have to get booster shots

  12. Immunity • a form of the antigen that gives you active immunity against a disease 16. vaccine