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Comprehensive Overview of Dryer Components in Agricultural Engineering

This document outlines essential components of agricultural dryers, focusing on heated-air drying systems. Key elements include the drying bin, air distribution system, fan, and air heater, along with optional accessories like conveyors and moisture meters. Advantages and disadvantages of fixed bed dryers and systems for batch drying are discussed, highlighting air flow dynamics, structural designs, and grain handling. Additionally, the importance of dust collection systems and pre-cleaners in maintaining airflow efficiency during the drying process is addressed.

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Comprehensive Overview of Dryer Components in Agricultural Engineering

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  1. Dryer Components By: M GummertJ Rickman Agricultural Engineering Unit IRRI, Los Baños , Philippines

  2. Heated air dryingComponents of a dryer • Main components • Drying bin • Air distribution system • Fan • Air heater • Optional • Conveyors • Accessories • Moisture meter • Dust separator

  3. Fixed bed dryersDrying bin with plenum chamber

  4. Advantages Self supporting structure Simple plenum chamber Short air delivery pathways Disadvantage Uneven air velocity Air velocity highest at the inlet Fixed bed dryersCircular drying bin

  5. Reversal of air flow Reduced moisture gradient No mixing needed Fixed bed batch dryerReversible air flow dryer

  6. Air distribution systemRe-circulating batch dryers • Cross flow • Grain moves downwards, air across • Less hindrance of grain flow, works better with wet paddy with high amount of straw and chaff • Mixed flow • Air flows from inlet to outlet ducts • Ducts are shaped so that they mix the grain • Better mixing leads to better quality

  7. Fans

  8. Air distribution system

  9. Air distribution systemOptions for batch dryers

  10. Air distribution systemsAir ducts for batch dryers

  11. Air distribution systemsAir sweep floors

  12. Heating systems

  13. Heating Systems

  14. Fines in rice create dust during the loading and drying process and reduce airflow through the rice grain. Pre-cleaners usually consist of scalper that lets through the grain but retains straw a smaller second screen that removes small stones and other impurities air aspirator for sucking out dust and light empty grains AccessoriesPre-cleaner

  15. AccessoriesElevators and Conveyors • For horizontal and vertical transport of grains: • Loading • Circulation • Discharge • Need to be matched to the capacity of the dryer. • A properly designed bucket elevator for a re-circulating batch dryer can easily reach capacities of 10t/h.

  16. AccessoriesMoisture meter • Monitoring grain moisture to avoid • over drying • incomplete drying • Over drying • Unnecessary weight loss • Reduced milling yields • Incomplete drying causes qualitative and quantitative losses from • fungal growth • insect activity • respiration

  17. AccessoriesDust collection system • Grain handling will create dust, making working around a grain drying hazardous. • Need for dust collection systems • Cyclone • Need to be properly sized depending on the dryer specifications.

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