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North America and the Caribbean on the Eve of European “Invasion”

P-7. North America and the Caribbean on the Eve of European “Invasion”. 4.5 million people in North America 350 different societies: agricultural, nomadic… Importance of maize (corn) Aztecs “unsurpassed in power and wealth”. “tremendous cultural diversity”:. Historiography.

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North America and the Caribbean on the Eve of European “Invasion”

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  1. P-7 North America and the Caribbean on the Eve of European “Invasion” • 4.5 million people in North America • 350 different societies: agricultural, nomadic… • Importance of maize (corn) • Aztecs “unsurpassed in power and wealth”

  2. “tremendous cultural diversity”:

  3. Historiography • Traditional- Columbus is a hero • Revisionist- Columbus was an evil invader • Post-Revisionist- Columbus was a man of his times that was an impressive navigator that brought interaction of two separate worlds, which had many positive and negative consequences

  4. Columbian Exchange • The biological exchange of plants and animals between the New and Old Worlds • Americas to Europe: Potato, llama, tomato, tobacco, turkeys, corn, vanilla… • Europe to Americas: horse, cows, pigs, coffee, sugar, rice, wheat, DISEASE: Small Pox

  5. 1-6 Spain’s Empire in the New World- 1521: Cortés conquered the Aztecs

  6. Role of the Conquistadors • Minor nobles, landless gentlemen, and professional soldiers seek “God, Gold, and Glory” • Win because of “Guns, Germs, and Steel” • Disease, small pox, by far the # 1 killer

  7. Spanish Colonization • Royal control replaced the conquistadors •  Gov: Two central divisions: New Spain & Peru each ruled by a viceroy who were advised by councils called audiencias

  8. Very Hierarchical system, based on race, pure breed Spaniards at the top • 1520, Africans imported to sugar plantations (Haciendas) in the Spanish West Indies • Strongly Catholic, Mission system Creole Mestizos & Mulattos American Indians Zambos Africans Spanish Caste System Peninsulars

  9. Colonial Period • 1607-1763 • Jamestown to the end of the French and Indian War (1754-1763)

  10. French and Indian War (Seven Years War), 1754-1763

  11. Trends toward colonial unity Revolutionary Era, 1763-1783

  12. What kind of divide do all of these conflicts represent? Bacon 1676 Leisler’s 1691

  13. Federalist Era, 1789-1800

  14. How Revolutionary was the American Revolution?

  15. Revolution 1800?

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