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Greek Cultural Contributions

Greek Cultural Contributions. Greek Architecture and Sculpture Chapter 11. Background The Greeks were very interested in making beautiful temples and buildings They made these for the Gods and themselves

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Greek Cultural Contributions

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  1. Greek Cultural Contributions

  2. Greek Architecture and Sculpture Chapter 11

  3. Background • The Greekswere very interested in making beautiful templesand buildings • They made these for the Gods and themselves • They developed a certain type of architecture that is still seen in the world today

  4. Greek Columns (1) every column has 3 parts (a) capital (top) (b) shaft (middle) (c) base (bottom)

  5. (2) The Greeks invented 3 different types of columns • (a) Doriccolumns: most simple and most popular

  6. Capital: plainand undecorated; looks like a round cushion under a rectangular block Shaft: bulges slightly in middleto make column look straight Base: platform used, sometimes not used

  7. (b) Ionic columns (fancier) Capital: looks like ram’shorns Shaft: much thinner with more fluting Base: decorated, stepped or layered, with a supporting block of stone

  8. Ionic Columns

  9. (c) Corinthian columns (fanciest) Capital: highly decorated and ornate with leaves Shaft: Maximum fluting Base: stepped and decorated

  10. Corinthian Columns

  11. Corinthian columns at the Louvre

  12. (3) The Greeks also used frieze to decorate their buildings (a) Frieze is a horizontal band of decoration at the top of a temple (b) External frieze- located above columns (c) Internal frieze- around upper portion of inner walls

  13. frieze

  14. At the Parthenon, the frieze depicts different battles in Greek history, such as the battle of Theseus against the Centaurs • Also can see the battle of the Olympic Gods against the Giants

  15. (4)Pediment is another type of decoration (a) It is the triangular area above the external frieze

  16. At the Parthenon, the sculpture’s depict Athena’sbirth • Also show Athena and Poseidon’s battle over Athens (where Athena wins with the olivetree)

  17. Parthenon– temple to Athena

  18. Parthenon

  19. (1) Information • designed by Ictinus • masterpiece of Greek architecture • appears perfectly straight • Doric columns • made of marble

  20. (2) notable parts of the Parthenon • (a) cella- inside room (only priests allowed) • was the location of Phidias’ statue of Athena Athena Parthenos

  21. (3) Temple of AthenaNike (a) means “Victorious Athena” (b) porch of columns at both ends- Ionic columns

  22. Greek Sculpture (1) Six things to remember about Greek sculpture (a) emphasis on bodycurves

  23. (b) lots of muscles (ideal, perfect body)

  24. (c) no pupils in the eyes

  25. (d) nude or draped in thin, flowing clothes

  26. (e) curlyhair

  27. (f) made of marble or bronze

  28. The Olympic Games

  29. Greek Cultural Contributions Notes (page 2)

  30. The Olympic Games • First Olympic Games held in 776 BCE at Olympia, Greece

  31. Held every 4 years (a 4-year period is called an Olympiad) • Started as a 5-daysummer festival to honor the god Zeus

  32. All wars, battles, etc. stopped during the Olympics

  33. Only men competed • (1) women were not even allowed to watch! • (2) there was a separate Olympics for women - Heraea Who might they have been named after?

  34. Each athlete swore to Zeus to honor the rules of the game • (1) punishment – athlete was fined • (2) made statues of cheaters so they could be mocked

  35. Events • (1) Day 1 • (a) sacrifices to Zeus (bulls)

  36. (2) Day 2 (a) chariot races at the hippodrome (oval track) (b) pentathlon (5 events)

  37. (3) Day 3 (a) more sacrifices

  38. (4) Day 4 (a) foot races (ran barefoot) (b) wrestling (c) boxing (d) pankration (free-for-all fight)

  39. (5) Day 5 (a) champions receive olive wreaths and have big banquet

  40. Ancient Olympics stopped being held in 394 CE • (1) Roman Emperor felt they were a pagan event

  41. 1896 CE – Olympic Games were restarted • (1) 1900 – women allowed to compete • (2) 1924 – Winter Olympics were added • (3) 1992 – last year that the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year

  42. When and where are the next Olympics?

  43. Every 2 years, the Olympic flame is lit at Olympia, Greece and carried to the present site of the Olympics.

  44. The Greek Theater Chapter 11 Section 2

  45. Greek Theater • General Information • Drama is the art dealing with the writing and production of plays - created by the Greeks

  46. Theater is the presentation of drama – also created by the Greeks

  47. Greek theater grew out of festivals given to honor Dionysus (god of wine, theater, and revelry)

  48. The Birth of Theater Step #1 – It began as people telling stories about Dionysus at festivals Step #2 – A chorus began chanting and dancing the stories to music

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