ECOLOGICAL TERMS

1. Ecology= study of interactionsbetween organisms& their environmenthttp://www.ecology.info/images/rhinos.jpg

2. ECOLOGICAL TERMS species population community ecosystem biosphere

3. Carrying Capacity= the maximumsize of a population that can still be supported by the environmenthttp://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_bucket.gifhttp://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_chart.gif

4. An ecological niche includes:http://www.shenet.org/high/hsacaddept/science/mkilmartin/mkimages/bluejay.gif • Habitat • Nutrition • Competition • Reproduction • Behavior • EVERYTHINGabout the organism…

5. Autotrophs synthesize their own glucose(food) http://www.ap.stmarys.ca/~ishort/Images/Earth/Atmos/photosynthesis.jpg CO2 + H2O + energy (light)  C6H12O6+ O2

6. TheCarbonCyclehttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/carboncycle.gifTheCarbonCyclehttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/carboncycle.gif

7. The Oxygen Cyclehttp://www.kminot.com/art/charts/cow_main.jpg

8. The Water Cyclehttp://www.coe.ilstu.edu/scienceed/basolo/water/cycle2.JPG

9. Energy Flow in an Ecosystemhttp://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5401.jpg FOOD CHAINS

10. Herbivores,Carnivores&Omnivoreshttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/Bison1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/sci_images/forest1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/grizzly_fish.jpgHerbivores,Carnivores&Omnivoreshttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/Bison1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/sci_images/forest1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/grizzly_fish.jpg

11. ENERGY PYRAMIDhttp://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5405.jpg

12. PRIMARY CONSUMERS PRODUCERS ENERGY PYRAMID SECONDARY CONSUMERS SECONDARY CONSUMERS

13. FOOD WEBhttp://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_28/40_07.GIF

14. Bacteria&Fungiare the majordecomposers(organisms of decay)http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/basic_components_of_life.htmhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/basidio/mushroomsi.gif

15. Symbiotic Relationshipshttp://eebweb.arizona.edu/Animal_Behavior/lycaenids/lycaen2.htm Mutualism: Both species benefit Example: In pollination mutualisms, the pollinator gets food (pollen, nectar) and the plant has its pollen transferred to other flowers for cross-fertilization (reproduction). Parasitism: One species benefits; the other is harmed Example: Tick gains benefit by sucking blood; hostis harmed by losing blood. http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/tick.gif Commensalism: One species benefits; the other is unaffected Example: Mammal dung provides food and shelter to dung beetles. The beetles have no effect on the mammals.

16. (Primary) Ecological Successionhttp://owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/eco/Note/Image694.gif

17. Secondary Ecological Successionhttp://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm Stage 2. After several years of farming, this field was abandoned. For the next few years, annual weeds, grasses, wildflowers, and other plants invaded the bare soil, creating habitat for mice, meadowlarks, and other open-field wildlife. Originally, this farm field was a deep forestfilled with towering beech and maple trees. Stage 1. Over time the forest was cleared for farming, bringing about major changes to the kinds of plants and wildlife that could live here.

18. Secondary Ecological Successionhttp://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm Stage 4. Over time, oakand hickory trees grew tall and shaded out most of the shrubs, creating forest habitat once again. Squirrels and wild turkey replaced chipmunks and robins. Beech and maple seedlings grew much faster in the shade, and soon stretched above the others. As the original oak and hickory trees died and fell, the spaces they left in the forest canopy were filled by beeches and maples growing up from below. Stage 3. Eventually, shrubsand small trees seeded into the field. As these new plants grew, their leaves and outstretched branches shaded out the smaller plants below, creating a different kind of habitat. Chipmunks and robins were among the animals attracted to this new habitat. Stage 5. More than 200 years after this forest was first cleared for farming, it returned to beech-mapleforest again through the process of succession. For this location, beech-maple forest is the “climax community” - the association of plants and animals that will remain stable until disturbed by an outside force - such as fire, wind, disease, or human activity.

19. BIODIVERSITYhttp://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Biodiversity/biodiversity/Biodiversity.gifBIODIVERSITYhttp://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Biodiversity/biodiversity/Biodiversity.gif “Biodiversity, the planet’s most valuable resource, is on loan to us from our children.” ---Dr. Edward O. Wilson

20. www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html

21. Reduce, Reuse, Recyclehttp://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=aahe0g&s=3

22. Oklahoma Dust Bowls (1930s)http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=79961&rendTypeId=4

23. Japanese Beetleshttp://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/files/images/japanese-beetle-soybean.jpg

24. Gypsy Moth Life Cyclehttp://www.clintoncountypa.com/Gypsy%20Moth%20Website/gypsy%20moth_files/image003.jpg

25. Gypsy Moth Larvahttp://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/09hp9Ii7kL1oR/610x.jpg

26. Nuclear Powerhttp://photoblog.dralzheimer.stylesyndication.de/photo/Nuclear%20Power%20Plant%20Cattenom

27. What does the data below indicate?http://www.crcwater.org/onalaska/datainterp.html

28. Algae Bloomshttp://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0d1z1l852tdmA/610x.jpg

29. Biological Magnificationhttp://www.cfkeep.org/html/phpThumb.php?src=/uploads/5425ddtinfoodchainl.jpg&aoe=1&w=

30. Acid Precipitationhttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/acid-rain-1a.jpg

31. Global Warminghttp://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhibitgcc/images/causes02.jpg

32. We are protected by ozone (O3)http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/img/atmosphere-couche.jpg

33. Ozone(O3)Depletionhttp://ozone.gi.alaska.edu/images/uv_abc.gifhttp://www.cec.org/ods/images/prn_cecods_ozonedepletion_e.pngOzone(O3)Depletionhttp://ozone.gi.alaska.edu/images/uv_abc.gifhttp://www.cec.org/ods/images/prn_cecods_ozonedepletion_e.png Human Health: Damages DNA which suppresses immune system resulting in increase of infectious diseases, Skin cancer, Eye cataracts Plants & Trees: Reduces crop production, damage to seeds; Reduces quality of crops Aquatic Ecosystems: Damage to plankton, aquatic plants, fish larvae, shrimp, crabs; Affects marine food chain, damage to fisheries result Materials: Paints, rubber, wood and plastic are degraded faster, especially in tropical regions

34. Biological Controlhttp://www.bugsforbugs.com.au/images/C_transversalis3.jpg

35. STEREOMICROSCOPEhttp://www.startracksmedical.com/supplies/stereomicroscope.jpgSTEREOMICROSCOPEhttp://www.startracksmedical.com/supplies/stereomicroscope.jpg

36. Compound Light Microscopehttp://www.tissue-cell-culture.com/images/products/related/microscopes/1200cm_mscope.gif

37. Wet-Mount & Staining Techniqueshttp://www.sep.alquds.edu/biology/scripts/Biology_english/part_1_1_files/image004.jpghttp://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/lelab/microscopeuselab_files/image004.jpg

38. Gel Electrophoresishttp://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture2/AMG1.12.gif

39. CHROMATOGRAPHYhttp://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Chem_img006.gifhttp://www.ndpteachers.org/perit/chromatography2.gifCHROMATOGRAPHYhttp://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Chem_img006.gifhttp://www.ndpteachers.org/perit/chromatography2.gif

40. Oil on Pavementhttp://i.pbase.com/u27/crs/upload/765501.OilonPavement.jpg

41. CENTRIFUGATIONhttp://www.djblabcare.co.uk/djb/data/image/14/0/hettich_eba20_portable_centrifuge.jpegCENTRIFUGATIONhttp://www.djblabcare.co.uk/djb/data/image/14/0/hettich_eba20_portable_centrifuge.jpeg

42. Dichotomous Key(Example)The Living Environment Regents – June, 2009