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Conditional Statements

Conditional Statements. Switch Statements. Why another conditional statement?. Multiple elseif statements can be included within an if statement. answer = menu( 'What day is today?' , 'a ) Mon' , 'b ) Tues' , 'c ) Wed' , 'd ) Thur ' , 'e ) Fri' ); if answer == 1

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Conditional Statements

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  1. Conditional Statements Switch Statements

  2. Why another conditional statement? • Multiple elseif statements can be included within an if statement answer = menu('What day is today?', 'a) Mon', 'b) Tues', 'c) Wed', 'd) Thur', 'e) Fri'); if answer == 1 disp('Today is not Monday!'); elseifanswer == 2 disp('Today is not Tuesday!'); elseif answer == 3 disp('That is correct!'); elseifanswer == 4 disp('Today is not Thursday!'); elseif answer == 5 disp('Today is not Friday!'); else disp('Are you sure you entered a day?'); end

  3. Switch Statements switch_variable is what controls which case is executed switch switch_variable case case_expr1 MATLAB® commands case case_expr2 MATLAB® commands otherwise MATLAB® commands end Each case compares the case_expr against the switch_variable to see if that case should be used If the case is selected, the MATLAB commands for that case will be executed … If the switch_variabledoes not match any of the cases, the otherwise case will be executed

  4. Switch Statements answer = menu('What day is today?', 'a) Mon', 'b) Tues', 'c) Wed', 'd) Thur', 'e) Fri'); switch answer case 1 disp('Today is not Monday!'); case 2 disp('Today is not Tuesday!'); case 3 disp('That is correct!'); case 4 disp('Today is not Thursday!'); case 5 disp('Today is not Friday!'); otherwise disp('Are you sure you entered a day?'); end

  5. Comments on Switch Statements • The case expressions can be almost any type of value available in MATLAB: • Number Ex. case 1 case 3.14159 • Character Ex. case'a'case'?' • String Ex. case'pizza'case'spam' • Boolean Ex. casetrue casefalse • You cannot have a vector as a case expressions

  6. Comments on Switch Statements • It is not necessary to include an otherwise statement in a switch statement but it is generally a good idea Why? • Consider the following situation:You have written a MATLAB script to present the user with four images produced using a different amount of data. The purpose is to find out which picture is acceptable to the user in an attempt to use the least amount of data (and thus the least amount of memory).

  7. Comments on Switch Statements % counts for user selections pic1 = 0; pic2 = 0; pic3 = 0; pic4 = 0; % ask user to choose choice = input('Please select which picture is acceptable:'); % record the user’s choice switch choice case 1 pic1 = pic1 + 1; case 2 pic2 = pic2 + 1; case 3 pic3 = pic3 + 1; case 4 pic4 = pic4 + 1; end

  8. Comments on Switch Statements % counts for user selections pic1 = 0; pic2 = 0; pic3 = 0; pic4 = 0; % ask user to choose choice = input('Please select which picture is acceptable:'); % record the user’s choice switch choice case 1 pic1 = pic1 + 1; case 2 pic2 = pic2 + 1; case 3 pic3 = pic3 + 1; case 4 pic4 = pic4 + 1; otherwise disp('Incorrect selection'); end

  9. Comments on Switch Statements • There may be situations where you want to same set of code to execute for several different cases • Copy the code into each case: • Combine multiple cases into a single case: • Multiple cases can be combined by placing them inside curly brackets {case_expr1, case_expr2,…} answer = menu('What day is today?', 'a) Mon', 'b) Tues', 'c) Wed', 'd) Thur', 'e) Fri'); switch answer case 1 disp('Today is not Monday!'); case 2 disp('Today is not Tuesday!'); case 3 disp('That is correct!'); case 4 disp('Today is not Thursday!'); case 5 disp('Today is not Friday!'); otherwise disp('Are you sure you entered a day?'); end answer = menu('What day is today?', 'a) Mon', 'b) Tues', 'c) Wed', 'd) Thur', 'e) Fri'); switch answer case 1 disp('That is not correct!'); case 2 disp('That is not correct!'); case 3 disp('That is correct!'); case 4 disp('That is not correct!'); case 5 disp('That is not correct!'); otherwise disp('Are you sure you entered a day?'); end answer = menu('What day is today?', 'a) Mon', 'b) Tues', 'c) Wed', 'd) Thur', 'e) Fri'); switch answer case {1, 2, 4, 5} disp('That is not correct!'); case 3 disp('That is correct!'); otherwise disp('Are you sure you entered a day?'); end

  10. switch vs. if • With multiple conditional statements available, we need to be able to decide when to use them Use an if when… Use a switch when… • You have a range of values x < 5 • You have complex conditions x < 5 && x > 2 • Your condition uses multiple variables x > 10 && y < 5 • You can always use an if statement • You have a specific set of values you need to test • All of your conditions can be satisfied with == comparisons • You only have one variable you need to check • You should only use a switch with a finite set of possible values

  11. Test Your Understanding

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