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Ethnic Violence: Rwanda and Guatemala

Ethnic Violence: Rwanda and Guatemala. By Megan, Camila, Meghan, Laura, Caitlin. Development. A country moving away from instability and towards a stable economy, a structured government and law system, and high standards of living. Sustain all of these things. History.

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Ethnic Violence: Rwanda and Guatemala

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  1. Ethnic Violence: Rwanda and Guatemala By Megan, Camila, Meghan, Laura, Caitlin

  2. Development • A country moving away from instability and towards a stable economy, a structured government and law system, and high standards of living. • Sustain all of these things

  3. History • The Twa: first inhabitants • First colonizers divided the population of Rwanda into three ethnic-based classes: Hutus, Tutsis and Twas

  4. Provoking • 1911: Germans help Tutsi put down a rebellion of Hutus • Belgian involvement was more direct: education and agricultural supervision • Policy of "divide and rule"

  5. Provoking • Education for the Tutsi only • Tutsi got good jobs • Hatred between groups • Class system: minority Tutsi upper and lower Hutus and Tutsi commoners • 1926: Stripped Hutu of local land power • 1933: ethnic identification cards

  6. Mounting Conflict • 1962: Independence • Hutu felt oppressed • Expelled Tutsi: 1959 to 1973 • All political and economic power given to Hutu elites • Retaliation of attacks between the two groups • 1990: Civil War

  7. Rwandan Genocide 1994 • Mass killing of Tutsis and Hutu moderates • Fighting since the 1950s • Started by Hutu extremists • Started with the assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana • Lasted 100 days • Estimated death toll 800,000-1,000,000

  8. President • Paul Kagame: the current President • Rose as the leader of the Rwandan Patriotic Front • Whose victory over the then current government ended the Rwandan genocide • Kagame was born to a Tutsi family

  9. Effects • Schools, hospitals, roads, homes, business centers and homes destroyed • Poverty- very poor conditions • Reduced labor force, migrations and destructions • Low economic output • 60% of its population living under the poverty line. • Children can’t get clothes, medication, food, or homes

  10. Effects • Children- incapable of getting an education • During the genocide Tutsi children were targeted • Limits country in it’s development for new educated leaders • Traumatized • Disturbs living and education

  11. The Future • 15 years since the genocide • “Engine for development” • Paul Kagame, has a powerful vision of Rwanda’s future as a hub for Africa • Center of medicine, banking, and technology • Young people hold the future of a nation

  12. Mayan vs. Ladino Guatemala • Mayan: peasant class, indigenous group of Guatemala, traditional customs • Ladino: westernized Mayans and mestizos (mixed European and indigenous ancestry)

  13. October Revolutionaries • 1944: dissident military officers, students, liberal professionals overthrew General Jorge Ubico’s dictatorship • Led by Juan Jose Arevalo and Jacobo Arbenz Guzman

  14. Civil War • Mayan Indians were discriminated against and treated brutally by the liberals. • Estimated 200,000 dead or missing • Guerrilla army blamed for 93% of abuses

  15. Peace Accords • Guatemalan government finally recognizes the rights of the indigenous Mayan people • Many commitments made by the Peace Accords remain unfulfilled.

  16. Memory of Silence Report compiled by the Historical Clarification Commission Urged peace Organize investigations of all “missing” people Inform the Guatemalan society of exactly what happened during the Civil War

  17. Alvaro Colom Caballeros(current President) Began work in FONAPAZ, to bring peace to areas which were affected by guerilla Represented the Mayans, and recognized culture

  18. The Future of Guatemala • The current president is fighting for more Mayan representation in the government • Don Alejandro Cirilo was chosen to be the Ambassador of the Council of Indigenous Peoples

  19. Works Cited • Ethnic Conflict in Rwanda. 2000. 30 March 2009. <http://www.empereur.com/nations/rwanda>. • "History of Guatemala." History World. 2 June 2009 <historyworld.net>. • Hotel Rwanda • Post independence. 2005. 30 March 2009. <http://www.rwandagateway.org> • Renata. "Guatemala: Violence Continues 12 Years After Peace Accords." Global Voices. 2 June 2009. • Schieber, Barbara. "Anniversary of Guatemala's Memory of Silence and Day of Dignity for the Victims." The Guatemala Times 25 Feb. 2009. • Sebahara, Pamphile.The Creation Of Ethnic Division In Rwanda. 30 March 2009.<http://www.unngls.org/>. • Shah, Anup.Rwanda. 2006. 30 March 2009. <www.globalissues.org/article/429/rwanda>.

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