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Ethnic Violence

Ethnic Violence. Definition: Violence between minority ethnic group(s) and members of the Han majority Violence among ethnic minorities, eg., the Tibetans and the Huis, the Chinese-speaking Muslims stereotypical explanations about violent conflict between Chinese Muslims and the Han Chinese

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Ethnic Violence

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  1. Ethnic Violence • Definition: • Violence between minority ethnic group(s) and members of the Han majority • Violence among ethnic minorities, eg., the Tibetans and the Huis, the Chinese-speaking Muslims • stereotypical explanations about violent conflict between Chinese Muslims and the Han Chinese • Muslims simply are violent people • Caused by oppressive, discriminatory, ethnocentric and divisive Manchu Qing policy

  2. Why Han-Hui Conflicts Occur? • Conflict between two Sufi groups, both of which named Ma, • Ma Laichi of the Khufiyya—more acculturated in Qing government’s view • Ma Mingxin of Jahriyya—more militant in Qing government’s view • Qing government arrested Ma Mingxin , and excused him for fear of his influence on intransigence and fanaticism of the Jahariyya • Muslims sought vengeance and attacked Qing • Its force was put out by Qing troops and the insurgents were massacred.

  3. Inter-group Violence among Muslims • Diverse Muslim groups fought with each other • Non-Sufi community • Sinified version of Suuni, Hanafi tradition • Sufi community • Some Muslims fought against the Qing, others joined with Han and Tibetan to quell violent elements in their own communities • All these were construed by Qing as rebellion

  4. Violence against Local Authorities • Anti-Muslim attitude/sentiment of local gentry and militias under the command of the magistrate, provoked violent conflict between Muslims and Hanpeople • Han’s negative image of Muslims intensified • Muslim schools’ teaching of the martial arts fostered the Han image of Muslims as warlike and aggressive. • Different life style and customs were perceived as a threat fo social order

  5. Possible Causes of Ethnic Violence • Interlocked nature of Muslims and Han societies made both vulnerable to ethnic enemies on the local level • Network groups antagonistic to one another increased Han fear of the Muslims and confrontation between them • Qing state’s unjust treatment on Muslims’ inter-group wars • Profits and enjoyment to be reaped from violence

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