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CELL CONTENTS

CELL CONTENTS. Cell Contents

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CELL CONTENTS

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  1. CELL CONTENTS

  2. Cell Contents Cell contents with which we are concerned in Pharmacognosy are those which can be identified in vegetable drug by microscopic examination or by chemical and physical tests. These cell contents represent either food storage products e.g. starch or by products of metabolism and these include carbohydrates , protein , fix oil , fats , alkaloids , glycosides , purines , volatile oil , gums , mucilage , tannins , calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate , and silica.

  3. STARCH • starch occurs in granules of varying size in almost all organs of plants, found in roots, fruits, rhizomes and seeds. Starch granules may simple or compound, compound granules formed by aggregation of a large numbers of simple granules

  4. Hilum: is the starting point of formation of starch granules, the position of the Hilum either central or eccentric. There are different shapes of Hilum (dot, curved, multiple clefts). Concentric rings : (deposition of the layers around the Hilum)

  5. CRYSTALS • Crystals are waste material. Most crystals are composed of calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate is a dimorphous salt. • Tetragonal system (CaC2O4.3H2O) Monoclinic system (CaC2O4.H2O)

  6. Microscopic slides Slide no. 1 potato starch (Solanumtuberosum) .you has to differentiate the size, shape, Hilum , striations and aggregation Slide no. 2 Maize starch ( Zeamays )

  7. Slide no. 3 Rice starch Slide no. 4 potato starch and Iodine the later will stain the potato starch granules with dark blue color.

  8. Slide no.5Urgineamaruma(squill) You can differentiate large poly many of which contain mucilage surrounding a bundle of many raphides of calcium oxalate Slide no.6Rheumpalmaturn(Rhubarb). Part used: rhizomes. You can differentiate rosette shape calcium oxalate crystals

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