The Cold War: Early years Resource Unit

1. The Cold War: Early yearsResource Unit Matt Rudy ED639 Winter 2008

2. Table of Contents • Introduction • General Summary • Objectives • Content/Concepts • People and Places • Vocabulary • ODE and NCSS Standards covered • Activities • Homework for Day Four • Evaluation • Multiple Choice • Short Answer • Resources • Teacher • Student • Media

3. Introduction • The theme for this unit is the early part of the Cold War. The idea behind this unit is to present facts that help students gather new factual information that ties in with their prior knowledge. • The lessons contained in this unit will guide the students to an understanding of the historical importance of the expansion of communism, McCarthyism, the Korean War, the Space race, and the Cuban Missile crisis • The end goal is to ensure that students have enough of a grasp on the time period to be successful on the OGT.

4. Introduction continued • This lesson is geared towards tenth grade students nearing the end of their preparation period before the OGT. • The lessons are intended to last two weeks, or ten class periods. • The unit aims at helping students with multiple learning styles and ability levels.

5. Standards & Benchmarks covered 8. Explain how the Cold War and related conflicts influenced U.S. foreign policy after 1945 with emphasis on: a. The Marshall Plan; b. Communist containment, including the Truman Doctrine, Berlin Blockade and Cuban Missile Crisis; • The Korean War and the Vietnam War. 12. Explain major domestic developments after 1945 with emphasis on: a. Postwar prosperity in the United States; b. McCarthyism; c. The space race; d. Immigration patterns.

6. Standards & benchmarks continued 1. Thinking andOrganizing A. Determine the credibility of sources by considering the following: • The qualifications and reputation of the writer; b. Agreement with other credible sources c. Recognition of stereotypes; d. Accuracy and consistency of sources; e. The circumstances in which the author prepared the source. B. Critique evidence used to support a thesis. 2. Communicating & Information A. Analyze one or more issues and present a persuasive argument to defend a position.

7. Standards & Benchmarks Continued 1. Rights andResponsibilities A. Analyze instances in which the rights of individuals were restricted including: B. Immigrants during the Red Scare; C. Intellectuals and artists during the McCarthy Era;

8. Content • 1. Summary of subject matter • Expansion of Communism • McCarthyism • The Korean War • The Space Race • The Cuban Missile Crisis • 2. Concepts/Vocabulary • 3. 20 Audio/Video resources

9. Summary of subject matter • A. Expansion of Communism • This section will cover the American views on Europe following World War II. It will also cover the partitioning of Germany and the conflict it caused between communism and democracy. • B. McCarthyism • This section will cover the web of lies that senator Joseph McCarthy weaved in the early 1950’s. From the height of his popularity to what caused his downfall

10. Summary of Subject Matter continued • C. The Korean War • This section will cover the Korean War and the conflict between communism and democracy. • D. The Space Race • This section will detail the battle between the Soviet Union and the United States to be the first to explore space. • E. The Cuban Missile Crisis • This section will detail the Cuban Missile Crisis and the pressure on the United States.

11. Concepts & Vocabulary • Yalta Conference • Satellite Nations • Containment • “Iron Curtain” • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • Berlin Airlift • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Chiang Kai-shek • Mao Zedong • 38th parallel • General George MacArthur • House Un-American Activities Commission • Hollywood Ten • Blacklist • Alger Hiss • Joseph McCarthy • McCarthyism • Sputnik • January 31, 1958 • U-2 Incident • Fidel Castro • Bay of Pigs • Cuban Missile Crisis

12. Audio/Video Resources for early Cold War Unit • 1945–1952: Volume ITraces such events as Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech, the postwar boom in America, the Rosenberg trial, the McCarthy hearings, and the Korean War. This volume features interviews with Sir Freddie ... more>>>Video SV631V-WEB • 1953–1960: Volume IIBeginning with a look at the signing of the armistice to end the Korean War, this program examines the invention of television and the discovery of the polio vaccine, Japan's commitment to technology, ... more>>>Video SV632V-WEB • FALLOUTElection of 1948. Fair Deal revised. The Korean War. The crusade against subversion: Alger Hiss, the Rosenberg Case, McCarthyism. more>>>DVD IIC198DV-WEB • GOOD NIGHT, AND GOOD LUCKDirected by George Clooney. The effects of "McCarthyism"—a climate of fear and reprisal—become personal as television newsman Edward R. Murrow (David Strathairm) challenges the tactics ... more>>>DVD WV177DV-WEB • BIG LIFT, TheValuable for its depiction of the 1948–49 Berlin Airlift, this movie—shot in war-ravaged Berlin in 1950—follows the experiences of two airmen (Montgomery Clift and Paul Douglas) as they ... more>>>DVD BDT101DV-WEB • CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR, PART 1: 1946–1960Simulates the Cold War years as students pose as competing teams of presidential advisers who must choose options to submit to the president as actual historical events and crises occur. Revised. &cop... more>>>Simulations HSG123-WEB • JOSEPH McCARTHY—AN AMERICAN INQUISITOR: Biography What kind of man was Joe McCarthy, and what caused the rise and fall of McCarthyism? Using archival footage to show McCarthy in action, plus interviews ... more>>>Video FE410V-WEB

13. Audio/Video Resources for early Cold War Unit (continued) • COLD WAR AND THE 1950s, TheLesson topics: the Yalta conference, containment policies, the 1948 presidential election, the Korean War, the overthrow of Mossadegh in Iran, the overthrow of the Guatemalan government, the Federal Highway ... more>>>Reproducibles, eBook ZP346-WEB, ZP346E-WEB • COLD WAR, ThePhotographs: the H-Bomb on Bikini Atoll, Berlin Blockade, the "Iron Curtain," Reagan and Gorbachev, Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers, Greek guerilla fighters, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and Korean War ... more>>>TCM138-WEB • MISSILES OF OCTOBER, TheThere could be no blinking at the truth of U-2 reconnaissance photos: Soviet missile launchers were under construction in Cuba. This Emmy Award-winning program, based on historic fact, re-creates two nerve-shattering ... more>>>DVD MJK240DV-WEB • COLD WAR: Decisions, Decisions, TheDesigned to illuminate the foreign policy issues, ideological conflict, and military initiatives of the Cold War era, this simulation's plot incorporates actual historical incidents to teach students about ... more>>>CD-ROM & Software TY229CD-WEB, TY229LCD-WEB, TY229L10H-WEB • CRISIS: MISSILES IN CUBA"Vividly brings history to life" (Booklist, March 1989). Developed specifically for classroom use, this award-winning documentary depicts the tensions, decision making, and diplomatic maneuvering ... more>>>DVD, Books ZF228DV-WEB, NL277-WEB • ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, TheExtracts from: the decision to drop the Bomb on Japan; Stimson, Harriman, and Churchill reporting on Kremlin reaction; attacks on U.S. policy by Henry A. Wallace and Andrei Vishinsky; the Truman Doctrine; ... more>>>Reproducibles, eBook NH132-WEB, NH132E-WEB • POINT OF ORDEROn April 22, 1954, the first session of the Army-McCarthy hearings was convened and broadcast to a transfixed nation. This landmark documentary was culled from the 188 hours of television footage shot ... more>>>Video, DVD ZP121V-WEB, ZP121DV-WEB

14. Audio/Video Resources for early Cold War Unit (continued) • CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS: Considering Its Place in Cold War History, TheGoing back to October 1962, this two-part unit plunges students into the midst of Cold War intrigue. Readings in part one review Castro's takeover in Cuba, discovery of Soviet missiles on the island, and ... more>>>Reproducibles, eBook CFP155-WEB, CFP155E-WEB • THIRTEEN DAYS This suspenseful account of the behind-the-scenes maneuvering that resolved the Cuban Missile Crisis, focuses on a close circle of advisors who dodged politics, untangled Khrushchev’s contradicting messages, ... more>>>Video, DVD, Books WV106V-WEB, WV106DV-WEB, NL277-WEB • U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IN THE COLD WAR ERA: Truman to KennedyDelves into the major events in the Cold War period including the Truman Doctrine, Berlin Blockade, creation of NATO, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the Bay of Pigs invasion, and the Cuban missile crisis. ... more>>>Powerpoint HSG136P-WEB • MCCARTHY VS. COMMUNISMMcCarthy, President Truman, Roy Cohn, McCarthy's fellow senators, primary source documents, a demonstration by his hard-core followers, a harsh exchange between McCarthy and Joseph L. Welch, and the Army-McCarthy ... more>>>Charts & Posters DPA60-WEB • MCCARTHY YEARS: Edward R. Murrow Collection, TheIntroduced by Walter Cronkite. Recapturing the tense confrontation between Senator Joseph McCarthy and legendary journalist Edward R. Murrow, this fascinating program features four full-length See It ...more>>>DVD NVG122DV-WEB • KOREAN WAR IN COLORSee "the first great confrontation of the Cold War" as the soldiers in Korea saw it—in shocking color. The full chronological story of the war is told using declassified footage. Bonus ... more>>>DVD GHM142DV-WEB • KOREA: MacArthur's War With Truman How and why did the Korean War start? How did the U.S. and the UN get involved? Intended for classroom use, this award-winning documentary examines these key questions, focusing on the controversy which ... more>>>Video, DVD ZF310V-WEB, ZF310DV-WEB

15. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson One • The first lesson in this unit is going to be an introduction to the post World War II World. • Describe the US and Soviet disagreements at the Yalta Conference and subsequent US reactions. • Describe the partitioning of Berlin and Germany, and the differences that developed between east and west. • Mention the revolution in China and the conflict between communists and nationalists. Also describe the foundation of Taiwan • Students will have a worksheet for homework that will have them read the notes and answer questions.

16. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson two • Students will watch part of the DVD, 1945-1952: Volume 1 describing the events of the time period. The DVD will be stopped prior to the Korean War and a group discussion will occur about the idea of the Berlin Wall and how such a wall would effect their city or town. • The students will not have homework, instead they’ll have a larger project to work on later.

17. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Three • A PowerPoint presentation on the Korean War is showed to the students. • The PowerPoint will show a timeline of events. • A Map of Korea will have the 38th parallel identified showing where the war took place • An activity involving the world wide web will have students going home and finding a personal account of a Korean War veteran and bringing it in to class.

18. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Four • Students bring in their Korean War veteran experiences and share them with the rest of the class. • Then a actual verbal account by a veteran off of YouTube will be played for the students. • Men of Truth & Courage: The 17th infantry in Korean War. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEPSKfiG3Hc

19. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Five • In bring cultural relevance to the Korean War, the story of the all-black units of the 25th Infantry Division will be discussed. • Students will be asked also to think back to previous all-black infantry divisions in prior US Wars to prove prior knowledge before the lesson. • Students will then get an intro into the fears of the American people during the early fifties, as an introduction into McCarthyism.

20. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Six • McCarthy and his tactics will be the subject of the sixth lesson. A PowerPoint will be presented to the class about the different tactics of McCarthy and his eventual downfall. • The video, Joseph McCarthy: An American Inquisitor , will be shown in class. • The students will receive a worksheet that asks them to answer questions based on what they have learned about McCarthy.

21. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Seven • Students will have a PowerPoint presentation on the Cuban Missile Crisis and the peril that it place the US in. • Have a map on the PowerPoint that shows the amount of time it would take a missile launched from Cuba to reach certain US cities to bring home the intensity of the problem. • Have students, for homework, do a worksheet on the calculation of minutes it would take a warhead launched from Cuba to reach certain US cities.

22. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Eight • Divide the room between two sides, label one side the US and then the other the Soviet Union. Explain to the students that the consequences that shooting warheads at each side would have and then have a simulation of the 13 day stand-still where the US and Soviet Union clashed over Cuba.

23. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Nine • This lesson will involve a student Jeopardy game over the terms that they have learned thus far in the unit. • The winning team to receive 5% more on their exam grade, the loser still gets 2%. • Students for homework will have a unit review worksheet to finish to bring to class for tomorrow.

24. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Ten • Students watch the DVD, Crisis: Missiles in Cuba to bring the Cuban Missile Crisis lesson to a conclusion. • Students will have time to finish working on their review sheet.

25. Early Cold War Unit: Lesson Eleven • The class will have a review session where students congregate to make sure that their answers are right, and then have a guided session to explain some of the answers in more detail.

26. Early Cold War Unit: Evaluation • The first method of evaluation in this unit will be a participation grade from the simulations and activities that were done in class. • The grade will be worth 50 points, roughly half of the test • This method is used because I feel that student participation in class is an enormously important method in getting students to understand the content. • Also, this will help engage the students because it will have such an impact on their grade if they do not participate.

27. Early Cold War Unit: Evaluation 2 • The final evaluation for the chapter will be a post-test, worth several points. • The questions will be multiple choice, objective based questions that are similar to those on the OGT • Also there will be a section of short-answer to ensure the students know the information and are not just guessing. • Finally, an essay question will be the last evaluative method used.

28. Examples of questions: Multiple Choice • The US policy used following World War II with regards to the spread of communism was: • Isolationism • Containment • Destruction • Abolishment • The United States effort to provide food and supplies to the people of West Berlin was known as the: • German supply plan • Marshall Plan • Berlin Airlift • Gifts for Germans drive.

29. Examples of questions: Short Answer • The line of latitude that divided North and South Korea into the democratic south and communist north was the: _________________________________. • The failed invasion of Cuba by American forces in an attempt to overthrow the new communist regime was known as the: _____________________________________________________________________________.

30. Example of questions: Essay From the simulations that were done in class and the different lessons in this unit, answer the following question in two to three paragraphs. 1. The Soviet Union has just provided Cuba, a country just 90 miles from your southernmost part of your country. As the United States, explain the methods used by our government and John Franklin Roosevelt in averting a potential disaster. Also, what would you have done differently?

31. Technologically Rich Unit • This unit contains several different technological advances that help students learn more effectively, and in a 21st century way. • DVD • World Wide Web usage • Video • YouTube • PowerPoint • Interactive lesson on PowerPoint • Online maps • Internet interview with veteran.

32. Intervention/Adaption for Special/Individual need students • The lessons in this unit are made so that students with special needs will be able to interact with their peers and the educator to ensure understanding. • The lessons will be interactive, have several different learning styles throughout, and provide several instances where students can provide feedback. • The intervention specialist in these lessons will be used to work with the special/individual need students to ensure that their understanding is up to the level of the other students. • In review exercises and simulations, the intervention specialist will serve as another overseer of the student activities.

33. Instructional References: Educator • Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (Paperback)by Robert F. Kennedy (Author), Arthur Schlesinger Jr. (Foreword) "ON TUESDAY MORNING, October 1962, shortly after 9:00, President Kennedy called and asked me to come to the White House..." (more) • The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Concise History (Paperback)by Don Munton (Author), David A. Welch (Author) • The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War (Hardcover)by David Halberstam (Author) • Korean War Stories (2001) DVDStarring:Walter Cronkite, David H. HackworthDirector:Robert Uth • Space Race, Vol. 1: Race to the Moon (2007) DVDStarring:Space Race • Longines Chronoscope Interviews, 1952, v.11: KENNETH B. KEATING, SEN. JOSEPH MCCARTHY. DVD

34. Instructional References: Students • MCCARTHY VS. COMMUNISMMcCarthy, President Truman, Roy Cohn, McCarthy's fellow senators, primary source documents, a demonstration by his hard-core followers, a harsh exchange between McCarthy and Joseph L. Welch, and the Army-McCarthy ... more>>>Charts & Posters DPA60-WEB • MCCARTHY YEARS: Edward R. Murrow Collection, TheIntroduced by Walter Cronkite. Recapturing the tense confrontation between Senator Joseph McCarthy and legendary journalist Edward R. Murrow, this fascinating program features four full-length See It ...more>>>DVD NVG122DV-WEB • KOREAN WAR IN COLORSee "the first great confrontation of the Cold War" as the soldiers in Korea saw it—in shocking color. The full chronological story of the war is told using declassified footage. Bonus ... more>>>DVD GHM142DV-WEB • KOREA: MacArthur's War With Truman How and why did the Korean War start? How did the U.S. and the UN get involved? Intended for classroom use, this award-winning documentary examines these key questions, focusing on the controversy which ... more>>>Video, DVD ZF310V-WEB, ZF310DV-WEB

35. Instructional References: Students • COLD WAR: Decisions, Decisions, TheDesigned to illuminate the foreign policy issues, ideological conflict, and military initiatives of the Cold War era, this simulation's plot incorporates actual historical incidents to teach students about ... more>>>CD-ROM & Software TY229CD-WEB, TY229LCD-WEB, TY229L10H-WEB • CRISIS: MISSILES IN CUBA"Vividly brings history to life" (Booklist, March 1989). Developed specifically for classroom use, this award-winning documentary depicts the tensions, decision making, and diplomatic maneuvering ... more>>>DVD, Books ZF228DV-WEB, NL277-WEB • ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, TheExtracts from: the decision to drop the Bomb on Japan; Stimson, Harriman, and Churchill reporting on Kremlin reaction; attacks on U.S. policy by Henry A. Wallace and Andrei Vishinsky; the Truman Doctrine; ... more>>>Reproducibles, eBook NH132-WEB, NH132E-WEB • POINT OF ORDEROn April 22, 1954, the first session of the Army-McCarthy hearings was convened and broadcast to a transfixed nation. This landmark documentary was culled from the 188 hours of television footage shot ... more>>>Video, DVD ZP121V-WEB, ZP121DV-WEB • CRISIS: MISSILES IN CUBA. Vividly brings history to life" (Booklist, March 1989). Developed specifically for classroom use, this award-winning documentary depicts the tensions, decision making, and diplomatic maneuvering of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Designed to be viewed straight through as a historical survey or stopped at key decision points, the three-part program re-creates the events as they unfolded so that students can explore policy options much as officials of the Kennedy administration did in October of 1962. A teacher's guide provides suggestions for presenting the program as well as reproducible worksheets and background information for a series of group decision-making activities keyed to the video. (The related paperback is Robert Kennedy's memoir of the crisis, Thirteen Days.) Grades 7 and up. Black-and-white and color. 28 minutes.

36. Instructional References: Students • Remembering the Forgotten War: Korea, 1950-1953. http://www.history.navy.mil/ac/korea/korea1.htm • Edwards, Paul M. Korean War Almanac (2006) • James I. Matray, ed., Historical Dictionary of the Korean War (Greenwood Press, 1991) • Korean War Documentary. http://www.rt66.com/~korteng/SmallArms/ • The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 18-29, 1962. http://www.hpol.org/jfk/cuban/ • The space race. http://www.thespacerace.com/