Please Note:

1. These slides are meant to help students think about the material. They are not meant to replace reading the material or taking notes. Using these slides as your only means of garnering information could harm your ability to understand the content of this class. Please turn off cell phones, MP3 players and other technology of which I’m unaware. Please Note:

2. Chapter 1: Evolution of Work

3. Formal Definition of Work • 1) Creation of Material goods or services which can be consumed by workers or sold/traded to someone else.

4. History of Work • 1) The study of History is important because: • It shows how work is culturally dynamic • It shows how work is historically dynamic • Unfortunately, it often CANNOT show us how to avoid mistakes in the future. Why not? • 2) Although we will be discussing 5 distinct historical periods, note how they overlap and are presented as overly simplistic

5. Five Historical Periods: Division of Labor; Social Organization of Work and Technology • Division of Labor -- Social markers used to determines who does different tasks. • Social Organization of Work – The way workers are organized to get the job done • Technology – Application of skills and knowledge for practical purposes

6. Hunting and Gathering Societies: Division of Labor; Social Organization of Work and Technology H and G societies make up about 97% of human history (2 million years). 1) Social Organization – Cooperation, Sharing, Work and Social life connected. Nomadic. No surplus. No private property. 2) Division of Labor Simple – based on gender and age. Often such societies had more than two genders. 3) Technology –poles, needles, spears

7. Early Agricultural: Division of Labor; Social Organization of Work and Technology • Early and Late agricultural societies make up about 12,000 years of human history. • 1) Social Construction – Private Property; Formal Governments, Laws, Stationary; Warfare; Slavery (2/3 of labor done by slaves in Large nation-states) • 2) DOL – Increases, Occupations are born. • 3) Technology – Plow…..What else?

8. Feudal Societies: Division of Labor; Social Organization of Work and Technology • 1) Social Organization – Monarchies; In Western World: Serfs and Feudal Lords, Artisans and Guilds. Extreme inequality. Serfs worked slowly because lack of nutrition, product isn’t yours. Lots of holidays to control. • 2) DOL -- Increases dramatically. Many people do not produce what they need. • 3) Technology – allows crafts.

9. Merchant Capitalism: Division of Labor; Social Organization of Work and Technology • Both Merchant and Industrial Capitalism make up 200 years of history • 1) Social Organization – At first, organized trade not production. Helped find people who needed each others’ goods. Next, organized production by introducing cottage industry. Undercut guild work. Protestant Work Ethic. • 2) DOL – Now, people are only making part of a good. • 3) Technology -- Factories

10. Industrial Capitalism: Division of Labor; Social Organization of Work and Technology • 1) Social Organization: Forced economy by outlawing poverty. Sale labor Power in competitive marketplace. Can’t survive without purchasing goods and selling labor power. Governments support Capitalists. • Bureaucracies Emerge and Spread. • Imperialism not colonialism • Global Economy • Why move to factory? • Time • Rules • Did workers accept this easily?

11. Merchant Capitalism: Division of Labor; Social Organization of Work and Technology • DOL -- Deskilling. Adam Smith argues this reduced costs • Technology: