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S.T.A.R., INC.

S.T.A.R., INC. SEALCOATING ADDITIVES. DEFINITIONS. ADDTIVES: THING ADDED SEALCOATING ADDITIVES: THINGS (CHEMICALS) ADDED TO ACCOMPLISH SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES. OBJECTIVES. THICKENING: To accommodate large amounts of water. FAST DRYING: Even under not-so-ideal weather conditions.

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S.T.A.R., INC.

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  1. S.T.A.R., INC. SEALCOATING ADDITIVES

  2. DEFINITIONS ADDTIVES: THING ADDED SEALCOATING ADDITIVES: THINGS (CHEMICALS) ADDED TO ACCOMPLISH SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

  3. OBJECTIVES THICKENING: To accommodate large amounts of water. FAST DRYING: Even under not-so-ideal weather conditions. UNIFORM DRY COLOR: Under shade or shine. SAND OR AGGREGATE SUSPENSION: No streaking. IMPROVED PROPERTIES: Flexibility and elongation Toughness Water resistance Resistance to chemicals, de-icing salts, oils, fats, grease etc..

  4. SEALCOATING ADDITIVES Have been used for the last 20-25 years Extensively used since mid-70’s when FAA ADOPTED ACRYLONITRILE/BUTADIENE LATICES FOR RUBBERIZING COAL TAR BASED SEALER. Prior years, rubber was blended directly in asphalt or tar for modification.

  5. TYPES OF ADDITIVESANDSPECIFIC PURPOSES 1. ADDITIVES THAT DO NOT MODIFY INGREDIENTS. THICKENERS: Viscosity building additives A. SALTS, MILD ACIDS e.g. MgC12, Acetic Acid Cost Effective but introduce WATER-SENSITIVITY. B. NATURAL GUMS e.g. Xanthum Gum, Expensive, Introduce PERMANENT WATER- SENSITIVITY. C. BENTONITIC CLAYS Cost effective, some water sensitivity in film, which can be counterbalanced. D, SPECIALITY POLYMERS Very cost-effective. Do not introduce water sensitivity.

  6. 2. ADDITIVES THAT MODIFY INGREDIENTSA. CLAY PROPERTIES MODIFIERS Additives are available that modify the surface characteristics of the clays in the sealer Drastic reduction in water sensitivity of cured films of sealer.B. ADDITIVES THAT MODIFY THE PROPERTIES OF THE BINDER-ASPHALT AND TAR. REDUCE TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBILITY; Tack and flow in summer and hardening and brittleness in winter months. INCREASE TOUGHNESS; Greater resistance to abrasion, scour and wear. Better retention of aggregates. INCREASE FLEXIBILITY AND ADHESION; Better anchoring of aggregates. REDUCE BLEEDING OF THE BITUMEN; Asphalt and tar to the surface of the coating. OTHER BENEFITS THICKENING: due to pH alteration of the coating system. FAST DRYING: even under not-so-ideal weather conditions. UNIFORM DRIED COLOR OF THE SEALER.

  7. POLYMERIC ADDITIVES RUBBER EMULSIONS are dispersion of giant polymeric molecules in water. These molecules have large chain length and are heavily branched: Dispersed in sealcoating materials, they spread and form a flexible and tough NETWORK OF POLYMERS. AS THE SEALCOATING DRIES; The water is expelled out of the film at a rather uniform rate as the polymer chains spread and tighten throughout the film, this; Reinforcing the properties of the sealcoating, Reducing the drying time and Producing uniform dark color. The bitumens; asphalt and tar coalesce at a uniform rate. FLEXIBILITY AND TOUGHNESS ARE ENHANCED.

  8. ADDITIONALLY Polymer segments FUSE WITH THE BITUMENS, ASPHALT AND TAR in the sealer at the points of surface contacts, thereby modifying its properties. HARDNESS FLEXIBILITY TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBILITY CHEMICAL RESISTANCE ADHESION. POLYMER NETWORK TAR PARTICLES CLAY PARTICLES OVERALL CONTRIBUTION FASTER DRYING, UNIFORM COLOR ON DRYING TOUGHNESS AND FLEXIBILITY BETTER AGGREGATE SUSPENSION, IMPORVED RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS

  9. LET US EXAMINE A FEW COMMONLY USED POLYMERS FOR ADDITIVES WE WILL REVIEW THE GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE FOLLOWING RUBBERS OR POLYMERS FOR THEIR RESISTANCE TO COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED CHEMICALS AND WEATHER RELATED ELEMENTS. PVA - POLYVINYLACETATE/ACRYLIC COPOLYMER SBR - STYRENE BUTADIENE COPOLYMER NR - NATURAL RUBBER BR - BUTADIENE RUBBER CHLOROPRENE - NEOPRENE NBR - ACRYLONITRILE/BUTADIENE RUBBER

  10. IF THE POLYMER HAS CERTAIN DEGREE OF WEAKNESS THE ADDITIVE BASED ON IT WILL ADVERSELY AFFECT THE PROPERTIES OF THE CURED SEALCOATING FOR EXAMPLE IF THE POLYMER OR RUBBER IS: 1. POOR RESISTANCE TO WATER - THE CURED FILM OF THE SEALER WILL BECOME SOFT UNDER WATER AND WILL BE EASILY TORN BY THE TRAFFIC, 2. POOR RESISTANCE TO FUEL, GAS, OIL ETC.: THE SEALCOATING WILL LOSE EVEN ITS ORIGINAL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES. IT WILL BECOME A WEAK LINK IN THE SEALCOATING THE MANUFACTURER WILL ASSIST IN THE SELECTION OF THE PROPER ADDITIVE.

  11. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES POLYMER TYPE - POLYVINYLACETATE/ACRYLIC CO- POLYMER (PVA) RESISTANCE TO - MILD HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS AND SOME RESISTANCE TO WEAK ACIDS AND ALKALIS. RESISTANCE TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS - That attack asphalt pavement. Materials Rating Water POOR Hydraulic Oils (Petroleum) POOR Kerosene POOR Lactic Acid FAIR-GOOD Fat FAIR-GOOD Vegetable Oils FAIR-GOOD Lubricating Oils FAIR-GOOD Transmission Fluid (Type A) FAIR-GOOD Turbine Oil FAIR-GOOD Turpentine EXCELLENT Isopropanol VERY POOR ATTACKED BY: WATER, ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, ALKALIS, ACIDS, ALCOHOLS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, GLYCOLS ETC.

  12. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE POLYMER TYPE - ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE (NBR) RESISTANT TO - MANY HYDROCARBONS, OILS, FATS, GREASE, HYDRAULIC FLUIDS, CHEMICALS ETC. ATTACKED BY - OZONE, KETONES, CHLORINATED AND NITRO HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS. RESISTANCE TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS - That attack asphalt pavements. Materials Rating Water A Hydraulic Oils (Petroleum) A Kerosene A Lactic Acid A Fat A Vegetable Oils A Lubricating oils A Transmission Fluid (TYPE A) A Turbine Oil B Turpentine A Isopropanol B A-Recommended, little or no effect B-Minor to moderate effect C-Moderate to severe effect - not recommended U-Poor-not recommend.

  13. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES POLYMER TYPE - STYRENE/BUTADIENE (SBR) NATURAL RUBBER (NR) BUTYL RUBBER (BR) PROPERTIES OF ALL ABOVE TYPES ARE SIMILAR. RESISTANCE TO - MODERATE CHEMICALS, ORGANIC ACIDS, ALCOHOLS, KETONES, ALDEHYDES RESISTANCE TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS - That attack asphalt pavement. Materials Rating Water EXCELLENT Hydraulic Oils (Petroleum) VERY POOR Kerosene VERY POOR Lactic Acid EXCELLENT Fat VERY POOR Vegetable Oils VERY POOR Lubricating Oils VERY POOR Transmission Fluid (Type A) VERY POOR Turbine Oil VERY POOR Turpentine VERY POOR Isopropanol VERY POOR ATTACKED BY: OZONE, STRONG ACIDS, OILS, GREASE, MOST HYDROCARBONS SOLVENTS.

  14. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES POLYMER TYPE - CHLOROPRENE POLYMER (NEOPRENE) RESISTANCE TO - MODERATE CHEMICALS, MILD ACIDS, OILS, FATS, GREASE AND SOME SOLVENTS. RESISTANCE TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS - That attack asphalt pavement. Materials Rating Water EXCELLENT Hydraulic Oils (Petroleum) FAIR-GOOD Kerosene POOR Lactic Acid EXCELLENT Fat FAIR-GOOD Vegetable Oils FAIR-GOOD Lubricating Oils FAIR-GOOD Transmission Fluid (Type A) FAIR-GOOD Turbine Oil FAIR-GOOD Turpentine VERY POOR Isopropanol EXCELLENT ATTACKED BY: ESTERS, KETONES, CHLORINATED AND NIRTO-HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS, STRONG OXIDIZING ACIDS.

  15. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES POLYMER TYPE - ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE (NBR) RESISTANCE TO - MANY HYDROCARBONS, OILS, FATS, GREASE, HYDRAULIC FLUIDS, CHEMICALS ETC. RESISTANCE TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS - That attack asphalt pavement. Materials Rating Water EXCELLENT Hydraulic Oils (Petroleum) EXCELLENT Kerosene EXCELLENT Lactic Acid EXCELLENT Fat EXCELLENT Vegetable Oils EXCELLENT Lubricating Oils EXCELLENT Transmission Fluid (Type A) EXCELLENT Turbine Oil FAIR-GOOD Turpentine EXCELLENT Isopropanol FAIR-GOOD ATTACKED BY: OZONE, KETONES, CHLORINATED AND NIRTO-HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS.

  16. CONCLUSIONS1. ACRYLONITRILE/BUTADIENE BASED POLYMERS HAVE TH BEST OVERALL PROPERTIES. THEY REINFORCE AND BOOST THE PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT AND REFINED COAL TAR BASED SEALERS. THEY HAVE BETTER RESISTANCE TO OILS AND OTHER PETROCHEMICALS THEN STYRENE/BUTADIENE RUBBERS. REST OF THE PROPERTIES ARE SIMILAR. APPROVED BY FAA P-625, ENGINEERING BRIEF NO. 462. PVA-POLYVINYLACETATE/ACRYLIC COPOLYMERS ARE NOT RECOMMENED. THEY INTRODUCE WEAK SPOTS IN THE CURED FILM THAT IS ATTACKED BY WATER AND ALKALI.THESE CONCLUSIONS ARE BASED ON POLYMER PROPERTIES. THE MANUFACTURER OF ADDITVE MAY HAVE OVERCOME SHORTCOMINGS BY POLYMER MODIFICATION WHICH HE MUST ESTABLISH.

  17. Majority of thePOLYMERIC ADDITIVES:º Produce Thickening, º Speed up Drying Time, º Produce Uniform Dry Color, º Help to Suspend Aggregates.But they differ in their abilities to; º Reinforce the properties like, Flexibility, Toughness, Temperature Susceptibility etc. º Improve resistance to Chemicals, oils, fats, grease, de-icing salts, aromatic fuels etc.LET US EXAMINE A FEW COMMONLY USED POLYMERIC ADDTIVES.

  18. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE POLYMER TYPE - POLYVINYL ACETATE/ACRYLIC CO- POLYMER, (PVA) RESISTANT TO - MILD HYDROCARBONS SOLVENTS AND WEAK ACIDS. SOME RESISTANCE TO WEAK ALKALIS. ATTACKED BY - WATER, ALKALIS, ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, ACIDS, ALCOHOLS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, GLYCOLS ETC. RESISTANCE TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS - That attack asphalt pavements. Materials Rating Water C Hydraulic Oils (Petroleum) C Kerosene C Lactic Acid B Fat B Vegetable Oils B Lubricating oils B Transmission Fluid (TYPE A) B Turbine Oil B Turpentine A Isopropanol U Sodium Hydroxide (10%) C A-Recommended, little or no effect B-Minor to moderate effect C-Moderate to severe effect - not recommended U-Poor-not recommend.

  19. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE POLYMER TYPE - 1. STYRENE BUTADIENE (SBR) 2. NATURAL RUBBER (NB) 3. BUTYL RUBBER (BR) Properties of all the types similar. RESISTANT TO - MODERATE CHEMICALS, WET OR DRY. ORGANIC ACIDS, ALCOHOLS, KETONES, ALDEHYDES. ATTACKED BY - OZONE, STRONG ACIDS, OILS, GREASE, MOST HYDROCARBONS. RESISTANCE TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS - That attack asphalt pavements. Materials Rating Water A Hydraulic Oils (Petroleum) U Kerosene U Lactic Acid A Fat U Vegetable Oils U Lubricating oils U Transmission Fluid (TYPE A) U Turbine Oil U Turpentine U Isopropanol U Sodium Hydroxide (10%) B A-Recommended, little or no effect B-Minor to moderate effect C-Moderate to severe effect - not recommended U-Poor-not recommend.

  20. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE POLYMER TYPE - CHLOROPRENE POLYMER (NEOPRENE) RESISTANT TO - MODERATE CHEMICALS, MILD ACIDS,OILS, OZONE, FATS, GREASE AND SOME SOLVENTS. ATTACKED BY - ESTERS, KETONES, CHLORINATED AND NITRO HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS, STRONG OXIDISING ACIDS. RESISTANCE TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS - That attack asphalt pavements. Materials Rating Water A Hydraulic Oils (Petroleum) B Kerosene C Lactic Acid A Fat C Vegetable Oils B Lubricating oils B Transmission Fluid (TYPE A) B Turbine Oil B Turpentine U Isopropanol A A-Recommended, little or no effect B-Minor to moderate effect C-Moderate to severe effect - not recommended U-Poor-not recommend.

  21. CONCLUSIONS1. Acrylonitrile/Butadiene polymers (NBR TYPE) have the best overall properties. They reinforce and boost the properties of asphalt and coal-tar based sealers.2. Acrylonitrile/Butadiene polymers have better resistance to oils and other petrochemicals then Styrene/Butadiene polymers. Rest of the properties are similar.3. Polyvinyl Acetate/acrylic co-polymers (PVAs) are not recommended due to poor water and alkali resistance. Introduce weak spots in the film when attacked by water. Useful only as thickeners and for speeding up drying.

  22. TYPICAL MIX DESIGNS 1. FINISH COAT MIX Components Gals. Solid Gals. Tar-31.34 (B) Sealer 100 40.83 Clay- 8.95 (F) Water 40 - A/B Latex 3 1.22 (B) TOTAL 143 42.03 Solids, % By Volume 29.40 Sealer, % By Volume in the total mix 70.00 Binder = 31.34 + 1.22 = 32.56 = 3.64 Filler 8.95 8.95 1 Application rate =00.11 Gal. Total Mix/Sq.. Yd. =82.00 Sq.. Feet/Gallon Wet Film Thickness =19.50 Mils. Dry Film Thickness = 5.80 Mils.

  23. TYPICAL MIX DESIGNS 1. FILLER COAT MIX Components Gals. Solid Gals. Tar-31.34 (B) Sealer 100 40.83 Clay- 8.95 (F) Water 50 - A/B Latex 4 1.63 (B) Sand/Aggregate 22.6 (500#) 22.60 (F) TOTAL 176.60 65.06 Solids, % By Volume 36.84 Sealer, % By Volume in the total mix 56.50 Binder = 31.34 + 1.63 = 32.97 = 1.05 Filler 8.95 +22.60 31.55 1.00 Application rate =00.21 Gal. Total Mix/Sq.. Yd. =43.00 Sq.. Feet/Gallon Wet Film Thickness = 37.30 Mils. Dry Film Thickness = 13.80 Mils. TOTAL FILM THICKNESS (1 +2), Wet - 56.8 Mils Dry - 19.60 Mils

  24. FAA P-625(Engineering Brief No. 46, Issued 1/1/91)COMPOSITION OF MIXTURE(Quantities per gallon of emulsion) Type of Water Aggregate Rubber Application Sealcoat Gal./Gal. Lbs./Gal. Gal./Gal. Rate Gal. Sq.. Yd. Rubberized Sand Slurry 0.8 (Max.) 4-20 0.04-0.18 0.2-0.55 Rubberized Emulsion 0.8 (Max.) - 0.03-0.05 0.10-0.20 Sand Slurry 0.15 (Max.) 2-5 - 0.15-0.20 Plain Emulsion 0.10 (Max.) - - 0.08-0.10

  25. RUBBERIZED SAND SLURRY Low End Components gals. Solid gals. SEALER 100 40.83 WATER 50 - A/B Latex 4 1.63 Sand/Aggregate 18 (400#) 18 TOTAL 172.00 60.46 Solids, % By. Vol.. 35.30 %Sealer by Vol.. In mix 58.10 (BINDER/FILLER) Ratio 1.22/1 Application rate (Gal/Sq.. Yd.) 0.20 Wet Film Thickness, Mils. 35.64 Dry Film Thickness, Mils. 12.58 Dry Film Thickness, 2 Coats 25.16 Dry Film Thickness, 3 Coats, (2 X A + B) 30.39 High End Components gals. Solid gals. SEALER 100 40.83 WATER 80 - A/B Latex 18 8.15 Sand/Aggregate 90 (2000#) 90 TOTAL 288.00 138.98 Solids, % By. Vol.. 48.26 % Sealer by Vol.. In mix 34.72 (BINDER/FILLER) Ratio 0.40/1 Application rate (Gal/Sq.. Yd.) 0.50 Wet Film Thickness, Mils. 89 Dry Film Thickness, Mils. 43.30 Dry Film Thickness, 2 Coats 86.60 Dry Film Thickness, 3 Coats, (2 X A + B) 94.85 FAA P-625 FormulationsEngineering Brief No. 46

  26. RUBBERIZED EMULSION Low End Components gals. Solid gals. SEALER 100 40.83 WATER 40 - A/B Latex 3 1.22 TOTAL 143.00 42.03 Solids, % By. Vol.. 29.40 %Sealer by Vol.. In mix 70.00 (BINDER/FILLER) Ratio 3.64/1 Application rate (Gal/Sq.. Yd.) 0.10 Wet Film Thickness, Mils. 17.82 Dry Film Thickness, Mils. 5.23 High End Components gals. Solid gals. SEALER 100 40.83 WATER 80 - A/B Latex 5 2.03 TOTAL 185.00 42.86 Solids, % By. Vol.. 23.17 %Sealer by Vol.. In mix 54.05 (BINDER/FILLER) Ratio 3.73/1 Application rate (Gal/Sq.. Yd.) 0.20 Wet Film Thickness, Mils. 35.64 Dry Film Thickness, Mils. 8.25 FAA P-625 FormulationsEngineering Brief No. 46

  27. FAA P-625ENGINEERING BRIEF NO. 46(NON-RUBBERIZED SYSTEMS) SAND SLURRY PLAIN EMULSION COMPOSITION GALS. SOLID COMPOSITION GALS. SOLID GALS. GALS. SEALER 100 40.83 SEALER 100 40.83 WATER 15 - WATER 10 - SAND 22.6 22.6 (500#) TOTAL 137.60 63.43 TOTAL 110.00 40.83 SOLIDS, % BY VOL. 46.10 SOLIDS, % BY VOL. 37.10 SEALER, % BY VOL. 72.70 SEALER, % BY VOL. 90.90 BINDER/FILLER RATIO-1/1 BINDER/FILLER RATIO-3.5/1 APPLICATION RATE 0.175 APPLICATION RATE 0.09 (GAL/SQ.YD.) (GAL/DQ.YD.) WET FILM THICKNESS 31.2 WET FILM THICKNESS 16.0 (IN MILS.) (IN MILS.) DRY FILM THICKNESS 14.38 DRY FILM THICKNESS 5.95 (IN MILS.) (IN MILS. DRY FILM THICKNESS OF 3 COATS SYSTEM, 34.71 (2 FILLER + 1 FINISH COAT

  28. PERFORMANCE-WHAT TO EXPECT The quantities of the components in the mix design must be well balanced to yield the proper: BINDER/FILLER RATIO DRIED FILM THICKNESS WATER - Excessive amounts: REDUCE SOLIDS BY VOLUME, YIELD THINNER DRY FILMS

  29. SAND/AGGREGATES As a general rule, increasing amounts DETRACT PERFORMANCE; REDUCE FLEXIBILITY. Coating becomes increasingly tougher and FAILS TO FLEX WITH THE PAVEMENT. REDUCE ADHESION. Excessive absorption of the binder. Also increased toughness overcomes the adhesive forces. REDUCE WEATHERING AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE. Due to increased porosity. Do not increase the skid resistance. Levels off at 7-8 lbs. Per gallon.

  30. ADDITIVES Right Additive used in right proportion will; Reinforce the properties, Improve the overall performance BUT CAN NOT OVERCOME DEFICIENCIES of thinner films, caused by excessive water, Supply enough binder to satisfy the demand of the excessive amounts of aggregates used in the mix.

  31. ABRASION& SKID RESISTANCE MAXIMUM ACCEPTANCE PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE FUEL RESISTANCE ADHESION & FLEXIBILITY B’ (POLYMER ADDED) B INCREASING AGGREGATE LOADING ----------- A - POSITIVE EFFECTS REACH A MAXIMUM. ADDITIONAL AGGREATES DO NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE. B - POSITIVE PROPERTIES DECREASE WITH INCREASE IN AGGREGATE CONTENT. B’- POLYMERIC ADDITIVES IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE, AT A GIVEN AGGREGATE LOADING. THE TREND IS STILL THE SAME.

  32. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. WATER, per 100 gallons of the sealer; FILLER COAT - 50 GALLONS. FINISH COAT - 40 GALLONS. 2, AGGREGATES, per gallon of the sealer; FILLER COAT - 4-5 LBS. IF USED IN BOTH COATS - 2-2.5 LBS. BINDER/FILLER RATIO, BY VOL. - 1/1 3. ADDITIVE, As specified. Follow Manufacturer’s Recommendations.

  33. MIX DESIGNS Sealcoatings are seldom applied as a concentrate. The most common practice is to add the following in recommended quantities, called MIX DESIGN. 1. WATER is added to; reduce viscosity, impart fluidity for ease in application, satisfy the water demand of the sand/aggregates. SHALL BE; CLEAN, POTABLE FREE FORM HARMFUL SOLUBLE SALTS, at min. 50 DEG. F. (10 DEG. C) at pH TO CONFORM SEALCOATING MANUFACTURES RECOMMENDATION.

  34. 2. AGGREGATES are added to; improve SKID RESISTANCE, improve ABRASION RESISTANCE cover MINOR SURFACE DEFECTS impart an UNIFORM APPEARANCE. SHALL BE; NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC, ANGULAR FOR PROPER INTERLOCKING OF PARTICLES, CLEAN, HARD, DURABLE UNCOATED, FREE FROM LUMPS OF CLAY AND ALL ORGANIC MATTER, AVG. GRAIN FINENESS 60-70 MESH, DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN 20-30 MESH TO 100 MESH.

  35. 3. POLYMERIC ADDITIVE - AS SPECIFIED, FAA P-625 SPECIFIES ACRYLONITRILE (30-49 PARTS)/ BUTADIENE (51-70 PARTS), MIN. SOLIDS, % BY WT. - 40.004. SEALCOATING MATERIAL COAL TAR PITCH EMULSION TO MEET RP-355e except WATER SHALL NOT EXCEED 50% BY WT.FAA P-625, ENGINEERING BRIEF NO. 46 IS A GUIDE SPECIFICATION.REQUIREMENTS-MUST PASS A SERIES OF TEST.TEST APPLICATION-250 SQ. YARDS AND WATCH FOR PERFORMANCE.

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