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The Unification of Italy

The Unification of Italy. Let’s Review Nationalism>>>. Nationalism = feeling of belonging and loyalty to a nation. Nationalism was a powerful force that could: Create a nation from separate countries Break a country up into many nations. Let’s Review Nationalism>>>.

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The Unification of Italy

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  1. The Unification of Italy

  2. Let’s Review Nationalism>>> • Nationalism = feeling of belonging and loyalty to a nation. • Nationalism was a powerful force that could: • Create a nation from separate countries • Break a country up into many nations.

  3. Let’s Review Nationalism>>> • Nationalism can be a cause of war (ex. WWI and WWII) • Nationalism can take many different forms.

  4. The Italian States Unite, 1859-1870

  5. Barriers to Italian Nationalism • Piedmont-Sardinia (the largest) • After Congress of Vienna, Italy was made up of 9 different states: • Venetia and Lombardy • The Papal States • Other states ruled by • foreign monarchs

  6. Barriers to Italian Nationalism • Geography - mountains split Italy E/W; the Po river split N/S

  7. Barriers to Italian Nationalism • Illiteracy • The Pope • Lack of consensus (agreement) in Italy • Lack of European support

  8. Factors That Led to Italian Unification • Geography • Italy is isolated • Alps to the North • Surrounded by oceans. • Isolation lets Italy develop its own culture.

  9. Factors That Led to Italian Unification • History • Italians are proud of their heritage • Napoleon’s conquest of Italian states • Efforts of 3 Men: Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour

  10. Giuseppe Mazzini-“Prophet of Italian Unification” • A member of the Carbonari. • Formed Young Italy • Tried revolution but failed.

  11. Count Camillodi Cavour, “Architect of Italian Unification” • “Architect” (planner) of Piedmont-Sardinia’s revolt against Austria. • Encouraged other Italian states to revolt.

  12. Giuseppe Garibaldi, “The Sword of Italian Unification” • Invaded Sicily, urged them to join Piedmont-Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel. • “Red Shirts” • Gave all conquered lands to Victor Emmanuel.

  13. How Italy was United • 1861: Victor Emmanuel II crowned King of Italy • 1866: Austro-Prussian War- Venetia added • 1870-71: Franco-Prussian War- Rome added

  14. Problems Faced by a United Italy • Italy v. Roman Catholic Church • North v. South • Unhappy with Gov’t Structure • No universal suffrage • Italy lacked industrial • development, agriculture, • and natural resources.

  15. Flash Forward….to WWII and Fascism

  16. How Did Nationalism: • Unite people into nation-states? • Topple empires composed of many ethnic minorities? • Contribute to the outbreak of wars in the 1800s?

  17. Balkans: Region in SE Europe. Had Croats, Albanians, Serbs, Greeks, and Bulgarians. The “Powder Keg” of Europe • Austria: Central Europe Empire . Ruled by Hapsburgs. Torn apart by Nationalism. • Prussia: Became Germany we know today. Bismarck was prime minister. • Franco-Prussian War: War between France and Prussia. Prussia (Germany) won. Helped unify Germany.

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