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Urogenital system

Urogenital system. The urogenital system can be divided into two entirely different components: the urinary system and the genital system. Two embryonic structures that play an important role in the development of the urogenital system are the intermediate mesoderm and the cloaca.

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Urogenital system

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  1. Urogenital system

  2. The urogenital system can be divided into two entirely different components: the urinary system and the genital system. Two embryonic structures that play an important role in the development of the urogenital system are the intermediate mesoderm and the cloaca.

  3. We know that the mesoderm( or intra-embryonic mesoderm is subdivided into: (a) paraxial mesoderm (b) an intermediate mesoderm; (c) lateral mesoderm

  4. The development of Urinary System

  5. KIDNEY SYSTEMS Kidney has passed three stages of evolution in a cranial to caudal sequence. Pronephros mesonephros metanephros.

  6. Pronephros At the beginning of the fourth week, the pronephros is represented by 7 to 10 solid cell groups in the cervical region of nephrogenic cord.

  7. These groups form vestigial excretory units, which are made up of pronephric tubules and a single desending pronephric duct. The human pronephros have no-function and disappear by the end of the fourth week. But pronephric duct ending in the cloaca, however, persists. Then it become to mesonephric ducts after development of mesonephros.

  8. Mesonephros • The mesonephros consist of a series of excretory tubules that develop in the thoracolumlar region. These tubules (mesonephric tubules ) drain into the nephric duct which may now are called the mesonepheric duct.

  9. mesonephric tubules ( S-shaped )-Bowman’s C+Cap Mesonephros mesonepheric duct Cloaca

  10. In the middle of the second month the mesonephros forms a large ovoid organ on each side of the midline. Since the developing gonad is on its medial side, the ridge formed by both organs is known as the urogenital ridge.

  11. the urogenital ridge

  12. Most of the mesonepheric tubules disappear, but most part of them are modified and take part in forming the duct system of the testis. but they disappear in the female.

  13. Metanephros • The metanephros, or permanent kidney, appears in the fifth week. It arises from two distinct sources. the metanephric blastema and the ureteric bud

  14. The excretory dubules (or nephrons ) are derived from the lower part of the nephrogenic cord.This part is the metanephros, the cells of which form the metanephric blastema.

  15. The collecting part of the kidney is derived from a diverticulum called the ureteric bud which arises from the lower part of the mesonephric duct where it close to its entrance to the cloaca.

  16. The bud penetrates the metanephric tissue, which cover the distal end of the bud as a cap. Subsequently the bud grows and dilates to form ampulla.The ampulla divides repeatdly. The first three to five generations of branches fuse to from the pelvis of the kidney.the next divisions become the major calyces while further divisions form the minor calyces and collecting tubules.

  17. The ureteric bud gives rise to the ureter, the renal pelvis, the major and minor calyces, and approximately 1 million to 3 million collecting tubules.

  18. Each newly formed collecting tubule is covered at its distal end by a metanephric tissue cap. Under the inductive influence of the tubule, cells of the tissue cap form the nephron.

  19. A solid clump of cells is converted into a vesicle which soon becomes pear shaped and opens into the ampulla. The visicle now becomes an S-shapd tube. Its distal end comes to be invaginated by a tuft of capillaries which form a glomerulus.The various parts of the nephron are derived from this S-shaped tube.

  20. Capillaries grow into the pocket at one end of the S and differentiate into glomeruli. These tubules, together with their glomeruli, form nephrons, or excretory units.

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  22. POSITION OF THE KIDNEY The kidney, initially in the pelvic region, later shifts to a more cranial position in the abdomen. This ascent of the kidney is caused by diminution of body curvature and by growth of the body in the lumbar and sacral regions.

  23. BLADDER AND URETHRA Urinary bladder and urether are derived from the cloaca.

  24. urogenital sinus urorectal septum cloaca Primitive rectum • Between the two, the tip of the urorectal septum forms the perineal body.

  25. urogenital membrane urorectal septum Cloacal Membrane anal membrane

  26. Derivatives of two parts of Primitive urogenital sinus urinary bladder The Vessico urethral canal Primitive urethra The pelvic part Definitive UGS The phallic part

  27. Derivatives of two parts of Primitive urogenital sinus urinary bladder urinary bladder The prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra in male Urethra in female Primitive urethra The pelvic part Penile urthra in male The phallic part Vestibule in female

  28. The upper and largest part is the urinary bladder.Initially the bladder is continuous with the allantois, but when the lumen of the allantois is obliterated, a thick fibrous cord, the urachus, remains and connects the apex of the bladder with the umbilicus. In the adult, it is known as the median umbilical ligament.

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