Classification of Web-Based Ontology Building Methods: A Compution Framework and a Case Study

1. Classification of Web-Based Ontology Building Methods: A Compution Framework and a Case Study Sari Hakkarainen, Darijus Strasunskas Lillian Hella and Stine Tuxen Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Sem Sælands vei 7-9, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway {sari, dstrasun, hella, stinemt}@idi.ntnu.no Lillian Hella, NTNU

2. Outline • Ontology and the Semantic Web • Motivation and Objective • Overview of Approach • Ontology Building Guidelines • Guideline Classification Scheme • Quality Based Requirements • Coverage Weights, Importance Weights and Results • Conclusions and Future Work Lillian Hella, NTNU

3. Ontology and the Semantic Web • The semantic Web is an extension of the current Web where information is accompanied by metadata about its interpretation, so that more intelligent and more accessible information-based services can be provided. • An ontology is an explicit representation of a shared conceptualization that is formal Lillian Hella, NTNU

4. Motivation and Objective • Many ontology representation languages have been proposed • Little about guidelines for creating ontologies • Less about evaluating the appropriateness of these guidelines • Inspect available guidelines for semantic Web-based ontology representation languages • Adapt a classification framework to define a computational framework, and use it in a case study Lillian Hella, NTNU

5. Overview of Approach Lillian Hella, NTNU

6. Ontology Building Guidelines • Denker, 2003 • user guide • DAML+OIL • Protégé • Knublauch et al., 2003 • tutorial • OWL • Protégé • Noy and McGuinness, 2001 • general purpose guide • independent of representation language • independent of editing environment Lillian Hella, NTNU

7. Guideline Classification Scheme CF - classification framework such that CF has a fixed set Ç of categories ç, where Ç = {ç1, ç2, ç3, ç4, ç5, ç6, ç7} and çiÇ, where ç is a quadruple <id, descriptor, C, cw> • id - the name of the category • descriptor - a natural language description • C - set of selection criteria c • cw - a function of S that return -1, 1, or 2 as coverage weight, where S is a set of satisfied elements c in the selection criteria C of each category Lillian Hella, NTNU

8. Coverage in process Concerns the method’s ability to address changes, co-operative development, use, maintenance, evolution, and process management • ç2c1 –planning for changes • ç2c2 –single and co-operative development of ontology or aligned ontologies • ç2c3 –use and operations of ontologies • ç2c4 –maintaining and evolution of ontologies • ç2c5 –management of planning, development, operations and maintenance of ontologies Lillian Hella, NTNU

9. Stakeholder participation Reflects the interests of different actors in the ontology building activity directly or indirectly. The stakeholders may be categorized into those: • ç5c1 –responsible for developing the method • ç5c2 –financial interest • ç5c3 –interest in its use Lillian Hella, NTNU

10. Coverage by OBG Lillian Hella, NTNU

11. Quality Based Requirements edi(engaging, dynamic, innovation) is a system developed by a student project group for a integrated oil and gas company • support idea management and exchange of business ideas between the employees • connection for communication and knowledge sharing • many different participants involved possessing different qualities, modeling skills and domain knowledge Lillian Hella, NTNU

12. Importance of QBR R - a set of weighted requirements, where R has a fixed set RÇ of categories rç, where rç is a triple <id, req_descriptor, iw> • id - the name of the category • req_descriptor - a natural language description • iwrç - a function of I that returns 1, 3, or 5 as importance weight Lillian Hella, NTNU

13. Importance weights Importance weights on edirequirements Key criteria for meeting edi requirements: coverage in process, reuse of product and process, and representation of product and process. Lillian Hella, NTNU

14. Results Lillian Hella, NTNU

15. Concluding Remarks • The guideline classification is useful for evaluating ontology building guidelines • Support for scaling up, and re-use of results • “Ontology Development 101” came out on top, meeting most of the evaluation criteria • Major weaknesses were identified for all the guidelines Lillian Hella, NTNU

16. Future Work • Extend the theoretical evaluations with empirical ones • Evaluating more guidelines as they emerge • Construct improved guidelines • Evaluation of the process oriented methodological frameworks Lillian Hella, NTNU

17. Questions? Lillian Hella, NTNU

18. Maturity Characterized on different levels of completion with conditions of influence • ç7c1 –fully described • if the method lends itself for ç7c2 –adaptation, navigation and development • if the method is ç7c3 – used and updated through practical applications • if it is ç7c4 –used by many organizations • if the method is ç7c5 –altered based on experience and scientific study of its use Lillian Hella, NTNU

19. Weltanschauung Describes the underlying philosophy or view to the world • ç1c1 –explicit, i.e. stated in the document • ç1c2 –implicit, i.e. derivable from the documentation • ç1c3 – undefined, i.e. non derivable Lillian Hella, NTNU

20. Coverage in product Concerns planning, development, usage and maintenance • ç3c1 –one single ontology • ç3c2 –a family of related ontologies • ç3c3 –a whole portfolio of ontologies in an organization • ç3c4 –a totality of the goals, business process, people and technology used within the organization. Lillian Hella, NTNU

21. Reuse of product and process Concerns reuse of ontologies as products or reuse of method as processes in six dimensions of reuse: • ç4c1 –Reuse bymotivation • ç4c2 –Reuse bysubstance • ç4c3 –Reuse by developmentscope • ç4c4 –Reuse bymanagement mode • ç4c5 –Reuse by technique • ç4c6 –Reuse byintentions Lillian Hella, NTNU

22. Representation of product and process Concerns linguistic and non-linguistic representation of data and languages • ç6c1 –informal • ç6c2 –semi-formal • ç6c3 –formal Lillian Hella, NTNU

23. Semantic Web ArchitectureT. Berners Lee, W3C Lillian Hella, NTNU