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Histology and Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System Lab Activities

Identify neurons, pyramidal cells, Purkinje cells, and peripheral nerve slides. Identify specified parts in lab manual on sheep brain dissection. Learn about the parts of a neuron and cranial nerves.

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Histology and Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System Lab Activities

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  1. Lab 9 Histology and Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System

  2. Lab 9 Activities • Identify neuron, pyramidal cell, Purkinje cell, and peripheral nerve slides • Identify boldfaced structures on brain models • Identify specified parts in lab manual on sheep brain dissection • Identify cranial nerves (by name + number I - XII)

  3. Parts of a Neuron • Soma • Dendrites • Axon

  4. Cell Body (Soma) • Contains the usual cellular organelles • Primary site of synthesis & metabolism • Cell membrane contains receptors to respond to stimuli • Cell membrane transmits graded potentials • Most cell bodies are located within the CNS • clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS are called nuclei • clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called ganglia

  5. Dendrites • Short, tapering, highly branched processes • Not myelinated • Contain some cell organelles • Cell membrane contains receptors to respond to stimuli • Transmit graded potentialstowards the soma

  6. Axons (nerve fiber) • Originate at a cone-shaped region – the axon hillock • A single process that transmits action potentialsaway from the soma • May be long (1 meter) or short (1 mm) • May branch (=collaterals) • Collaterals end at • axonal terminals • synapse with neurons or effector cells (muscles or glands)

  7. The Myelin Sheath • Lipid-rich, covering of axons • Oligodendrocytes in CNS • Neurilemmocytes in PNS • Dendrites are never myelinated • Protects & electrically insulates • Increases speed of nerve impulses • 10-150x faster than unmyelinated fibers

  8. Neurons structural Classifications

  9. Multipolar Neuron (slide #24) Many processes originate from soma

  10. Bipolar Neuron Two processes originate from soma

  11. Unipolar Neuron • A single process originates from soma

  12. Neurons Specific types

  13. Pyramidal Cells (slide #29)

  14. Pyramidal Cells

  15. Pyramidal Cells

  16. Purkinje Cells (slide #30)

  17. Purkinje Cells of Cerebellum

  18. Purkinje Cells

  19. Purkinje Cells • cytoskeleton stain

  20. Peripheral Nerve • Connective tissue elements: • Epineurium (wraps nerve) • Perineurium (wraps fascicle) • Endoneurium (wraps axon & myelin sheath)

  21. Nerve, cross-section (slide #28) Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium

  22. Nerve, cross section, Fascicles Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium

  23. Nerve, cross section, Myelinated Fibers

  24. Myelinated Axons, cross-section

  25. Myelinated Axons, cross-section

  26. Nerve, Long Section, 40X (slide # 28)

  27. Nerve, long section, 100X

  28. Neurofibrilar Node Nerve, 400X

  29. Neurofibrilar Node, 1000X

  30. Sheep Brain Dissection Dura mater partially removed

  31. Sheep Brain Dissection and pia mater

  32. Sheep Brain Dissection

  33. Sheep Brain Dissection Note: pituitary removed

  34. Sheep Brain Dissection

  35. Sheep Brain in Cross Section

  36. 1. Gray Matter 2. White Matter 3. Corpus Callosum 4. Lateral Ventricle 5. Caudate Nucleus 6. Septum Pellucidum 7. Fornix 8. Optic Chiasm 9. Third Ventricle 10. Thalamus 11. Corona Radiata 12. Hippocampus 13. Cerebral Aqueduct 14. Pituitary Gland 15. Pineal Gland Key to Sheep Brain in Cross Section

  37. Human Cranial Nerves

  38. Human Cranial Nerves

  39. End of Lab 9 Presentation

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