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This lecture explores the transition from traditional cottage industries to the factory system, highlighting the pivotal roles of machinery, steam power, and new skills developed over the 19th century. Drawing on Andrew Ure's insights from "Philosophy of Manufactures" (1835), the discussion examines how factories revolutionized production with a centralized system of skilled labor and continuous operations. Key elements discussed include capital costs, location, structure, and the necessity for skilled workers in machine maintenance and repair, shaping the landscape of modern industry.
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History 398 Lecture 5THE FACTORY The term factory, in technology, designates the combined operation of many orders of workpeople, adult and young, in tending with assiduous skill a system of productive machines continuously impelled by a central power Andrew Ure, Philosophy of Manufactures (1835), 13 History 398 Fall 2004
From Agriculture to Industry:Elements of Transition • Old system - “cottage industry” • New system, embodied by factory • Triggers • Role of steam engine History 398 Fall 2004
Manor shearing washing carding spinning dyeing weaving fulling market Town History 398 Fall 2004
machinery power factory materials market transport transport workers finance History 398 Fall 2004
machinery power factory materials market transport transport workers finance Development of Factory • Power machinery, introduced process-by-process over about 100 years • Capital costs • Location • Structure • Continuous operation • (with people around) • Need for new skills, esp. machine builders and repairmen History 398 Fall 2004
