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History 398 Lecture 3 Power Machinery

History 398 Lecture 3 Power Machinery. An Industrial Revolution in the late Middle Ages? Textiles, the Prototype of Mechanized Industry Traditional Technics of Domestic Textile Production The Mechanization of Spinning The Mechanization of Weaving.

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History 398 Lecture 3 Power Machinery

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  1. History 398 Lecture 3Power Machinery • An Industrial Revolution in the late Middle Ages? • Textiles, the Prototype of Mechanized Industry • Traditional Technics of Domestic Textile Production • The Mechanization of Spinning • The Mechanization of Weaving History 398 Fall 2004

  2. An Industrial Revolution in the Later Middle Ages? • Mills in urban settings, often grouped together • Mills serving purposes other than grinding • Combinations of mills, but no record of compound mills, i.e. powering several stones or tools by a single central source • Yet, either isolated, unique, or small-scale • IR about power machinery of new sort, combined with new source of power. Historically, result of new attitude toward machines which arose in Renaissance. History 398 Fall 2004

  3. History 398 Fall 2004

  4. Roman Mills at Barbigal, ~300 (reconstruction History 398 Fall 2004

  5. History 398 Fall 2004

  6. History 398 Fall 2004

  7. Centrality of Human Skills • Thumb and forefinger • Twisting, drawing, and winding • Shuttle and batten • Selection of pattern • 1760-1820 all mechanized • emulation of human action • mechanical reparsing of task History 398 Fall 2004

  8. History 398 Fall 2004

  9. History 398 Fall 2004

  10. The Mechanization of Spinning • James Hargreaves: jenny 1764 • Richard Arkwright: (water)frame 1769 • Samuel Crompton: mule (= jenny + frame) 1778 • Effects History 398 Fall 2004

  11. History 398 Fall 2004

  12. History 398 Fall 2004

  13. Cotton Calico EnglishImported 1775 56,814 2,111,439 1780 1,143,043 1,071,775 1783 3,578,590 770,992 History 398 Fall 2004

  14. Price of #100 yarn (185 yds/oz) 1786 36s 1790 30s 1792 16s 1801 8s 9d 1807 6s 9d 1833 4s 9d (here stabilized) History 398 Fall 2004

  15. The Mechanization of Weaving • Power loom • Edmund Cartwright (1786-88) History 398 Fall 2004

  16. History 398 Fall 2004

  17. Power Looms in Manchester, Stockport • 1818, 2000 • 1821, 5733 • 1825, 20,000 in Manchester alone History 398 Fall 2004

  18. Number of Power Looms 1803 1820 1829 1833 England 12,150 45,500 85,000 Scotland 2,000 10,000 15,000 Total 2,400 14,150 55,550 100,000 History 398 Fall 2004

  19. Muslin weavers of Bolton received for 24 yds • 1793 £4 • 1797 27s • 1807 18 • 1817 9 • 1827 6 6d History 398 Fall 2004

  20. The Mechanization of Weaving • Power loom • Edmund Cartwright (1786-88) • Automatic pattern selection • Joseph-Marie Jacquard (~1804) History 398 Fall 2004

  21. History 398 Fall 2004

  22. History 398 Fall 2004

  23. History 398 Fall 2004

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