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The Spanish American War 1898 April 25 th – August 12 th

The Spanish American War 1898 April 25 th – August 12 th. Unit 5 - Imperialism and Nationalism. American Interest in Caribbean

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The Spanish American War 1898 April 25 th – August 12 th

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  1. The Spanish American War1898 April 25th – August 12th Unit 5 - Imperialism and Nationalism

  2. American Interest in Caribbean In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine stated that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would not be accepted by the U.S., but Spain's colony in Cuba was exempted… Americans had long been interested in Cuba (and Hawaii), since several U.S. presidents offered to purchase it from Spain (James Polk, Franklin Pierce and Ulysses S. Grant), and others expressed their hopes of future annexation. However, there was still little attention paid to the Philippines, Guam or Puerto Rico. Historians debate the extent to which Americans desired an empire and note that European powers had expanded their empires dramatically, particularly in Africa and Asia. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War Approx. 90 miles

  3. USS Maine entering Havana Harbor on January 25th, 1898, where the ship would explode three weeks later. On the right is the old Morro Castle fortress.

  4. The USS Maine exploded mysteriously on the evening of February 15th, 1898. Spain was blamed for the “attack”, but even today speculationexists on the causes of the explosion. A 1999 National Geographic study found that it was still too difficult to determine or rule out a possible mine. (Class to determine probability - project.) Below: Wreck of the U.S.S. Maine, June 16, 1911 The photograph shows the raising and salvage operation of the ship, 13 years after it sank. After the salvage operation was completed, the ship was resunk offshore. The image was taken by the American Photograph Company of Havana, Cuba.

  5. Today, the mast of the Maine is in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, along with 165 of the 261 sailors and naval personnel that died.

  6. Some claim that the sinking was self-sabotage for an excuse to go to war with Spain and annex Cuba. If this was, in fact, true, it never materialized as Cuba never planned on giving up its sovereignty. However, the U.S. did still end up with GITMO there. Click here for PBS article on yellow journalism

  7. The Yellow Kid was originally a character from the cartoonist Richard F. Outcault who began drawing it in a comic ctrip called Hogan’s Alley in the newspaper The New York World, owned by Joseph Pulitzer (of the Pulitzer Prize) in early 1896. William Randolph Hearst, owner of Pulitzer’s rival NYC paper, The New York Journal, hired the cartoonist away to draw for his paper. Soon the city had two “yellow kids”.

  8. The same “yellow kid” drawn by Outcalt for the Journal.

  9. Who were the Rough Riders?

  10. A young lieutenant named Theodore Roosevelt commanded the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry. The Rough Riders consisted mostly of Native Americans, college athletes, ranchers, and farmers from the American southwest.

  11. US Army photo taken near the base of Kettle Hill about July 4, 1898. The soldier is pointing up to the top of Kettle Hill. In the background you can see the block houses on San Juan Hill and the American encampment. The future president Roosevelt became famous for his charge up San Juan Hill with his Rough Riders. It became American folklore.

  12. Original title: "Colonel Roosevelt and his Rough Riders at the top of the hill which they captured, Battle of San Juan Hill." US Army victors on Kettle Hill about July 3, 1898 after the battle of "San Juan Hill(s)." • Left to right is 3rd US Cavalry, 1st Volunteer Cavalry (Col. Theodore Roosevelt center) and 10th US Cavalry. A second similar picture is often shown cropping out all but the 1st VolCavalry and TR.

  13. The Spanish-American War was also fought in the Pacific in the Philippines where Spain had territory and America had interests.

  14. But the Pacific battles were easily won by the American Navy who had a much more modern navy and the result of the victories in the Caribbean and Pacific were huge. • Spain ceded Puerto Rico, Guamand the Philippines to the U.S. while giving Cuba its independence. Since the U.S. helped Cuba win independence from Spain, Cuba and the U.S. signed a treaty that said the U.S. could keep their military there at a place called Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The dispute today is how long that agreement was for. • The U.S. would never leave Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where U.S. forces landed in Cuba to help them fight the Spanish. The U.S. signed a treaty with Cuba that allowed for what is today a $4000 payment a month for a naval base there, forever. Cuba no longer recognizes the treaty and never cashes the check (since Castro took over).

  15. The Philippines, wanting sovereignty, too, like Cuba, revolted against the U.S. occupation of their country and the American-Filipino War started the following year and would cost much more than the Spanish American War, in both time, money, and lives lost. The US eventually gave The Philippines their independence in 1934, but that would change for the Filipino people in World War II.

  16. Cool party town

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