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Hydrology

Hydrology. Movement of Water Underground. USGS. Groundwater. Any water that is below the surface May be in soils or porous rocks Can be tapped for wells or supply artesian springs. Click on image to view a groundwater animation .

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Hydrology

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  1. Hydrology Movement of WaterUnderground USGS PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  2. Groundwater • Any water that is below the surface • May be in soils or porous rocks • Can be tapped for wells or supply artesian springs Click on image to view a groundwater animation http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/groundwater/index.html PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  3. Sediment Size Classifications 256 cm Boulder 64 cm Cobble 2 mm Pebble Gravel 0.0062 mm Sand 0.0039 mm Silt Mud Clay PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  4. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow – Pore Space • Unoccupied or void space between sediment particles • Can be filled with air or water • Measured by packing solid in a container to measure the total volume; water is added just to the surface filling the empty space added water = pore space PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  5. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow – Pore Space • If particles are round and the same size they will pack a certain way leaving a regular pore space. • If this is the case, the pore space does not depend on the particle size. The larger the particles, the larger but fewer the spaces. For smaller particles, there are more but smaller spaces. PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  6. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow – Pore Space More but smaller spaces Larger but fewer spaces Mixed – less empty space PSC 121 Prince George's Community College http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module06/Packing.htm

  7. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow – Pore Space Larger but fewer spaces Most sediments are not regular in shape and pack more tightly. This reduces the pore space even more and reduces the connectivity of the space. Mixed – less empty space PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  8. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow – Water Retention • Amount of water that is retained as water flows through sediments • Water is retained on the surface so the greater the surface area, the higher the water retention • Which will have more retention for the same volume - gravel or sand? PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  9. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow – Water Retention For the same volume, smaller particles will have more surface area, and therefore, greater water retention. Sand will have higher water retention. PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  10. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow- Permeability • Measure of the flow of water through ground material • Depends on the size of sediment particles because it is controlled by the connectivity of pore space and surface area Comparison animation PSC 121 Prince George's Community College http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module06/Permeability.htm

  11. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow- Permeability • To determine permeability you can measure : flow time: time for a set amount of water to flow through the sediment (minutes/100 mL) or flow rate: volume of water that flows through a given amount of sediment in a set amount of time (mL/minute) PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  12. Physical Properties of Sediments and Water Flow- Permeability P = relative permeability PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

  13. Groundwater Animation for Kids This site has a cute animation about the importance of groundwater. It runs about 4 minutes and requires Macromedia Flash 5 (or newer version). Click on image to view a groundwater animation http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/waterandland/groundwater/education/animation.aspx PSC 121 Prince George's Community College

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