Chapter 13 Section 4

1. Chapter 13Section 4 The Struggle for Power in England and France

2. Chapter Review • Who in the church did most people have contact with? • The regular clergy was made up of who? • The system where a fief could be inherited by the vassal’s eldest son • On Christmas Day of the year 800 what did Pope Leo III declare Charlemagne? • What were the schools that Charlemagne established based on? • To become a knight a boy had to belong to what social class? • a code of behavior for knights called _______

3. Anglo-Saxon England • Following the withdraw of Roman forces in Britain in 450, Germanic tribes moved into the area. The culture that emerged was the Anglo-Saxons • Over time Anglo-Saxons formed several independent kingdoms. Northumbria- now northern England and southern Scotland. Mercia- central England & Wessex in southern England • These kingdoms became governmental districts known as shires. • A shire was governed by a Shire-reeve which became the word sheriff.

5. Alfred the Great and Danish Rule • Viking raiders, called Danes by the English, invaded and overran most of England • In 871 Alfred the Great took the throne of Wessex determined to drive away the Danes • In 876 Alfred attacked the Danes and by 886 the exhausted Danes petitioned for peace • However the Danes began to attack again and by 1013 they controlled the entire country • By 1042 the Danish line died out and Anglo-Saxon nobles chose Edward the Confessor as their new king

6. Alfred the Great & Edward the Confessor

7. The Norman Conquest • Edward the Confessor was part Anglo-Saxon and part Norman (French) when he died without an heir his relative Duke William of Normandy took over • Anglo-Saxons refused to acknowledge him. So William crossed the English Channel with an army of knights and won England • William, today known as William the Conqueror was crowned King William I. He had a great influence to Anglo-Saxon culture by introducing Norman French language and customs to the country

8. King William I (William the Conqueror)

9. The Conqueror and his successors • William brought feudalism from France to England • He also sent out men to every English shire to count the people, assess landholdings, and measure value of property, to develop a more accurate taxing system • That record became known as the Domesday • Henry I, one of Williams sons, ruled from 1100 to 1135. He improved upon England’s finances and legal system

10. Reforms under William’s Successors • Henry II, who ruled from 1154 to 1189, also had a positive effect on England • {He created an army paid by the king directly, organized the legal system and gained new land in France} • Henry wished to increase his courts power at the expense of the church. Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, refused to allow his clergy to be tried in royal courts. Four of the kings knights murdered Becket in his cathedral. • The last years of Henry’s rule was rocky. His sons were plotting against him and his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine was unstable and caused conflict with the French

11. The assassination of Thomas Beckett

12. King John and the Magna Carta • {One of Henry’s sons, King John, was forced to accept a document called the Magna Carta by rebellious nobles} • The Magna Carta protected liberties of the nobles and limited the rights of the ordinary people • King John also had to promise not to impose any new taxes without the consent of the Great Council • He promised not to sell, refuse or delay justice • And promised that any accused person by allowed a jury of their peers • Moreover, the Magna Carta stated that the king- like his subjects- had to heed the laws as well or face overthrow

13. Parliament and Common Law • In the years following the Magna Carta, Parliament grew. • {Parliament is a governmental body that contains the Great Council and middle-class citizens} : four knights from every shire and two leading citizens from every major town • Parliament was divided into two groups: one was the House of Lords (the nobles) and the other was the House of Commons (the knights & citizens) • {Parliament had the power to refuse new taxes} sought by the king, but their main job was to advise the king

14. The Structure of Parliament

15. Continued…. • King Edward I ruled England from 1272 to 1307. He divided the kings royal court into 3 branches • The Court of Exchequer- kept track of the kingdoms financial and tried tax cases • The Court of Common Pleas- cases between ordinary citizens • The Court of the Kings Bench- cases that concerned the king or the government • The decisions made by the new courts were collected and used as the basis for future court verdicts. This collection of decisions became known as common law

16. Rise of Capetian Kings in France • In 987 a group of nobles chose Hugh Capet to be King of France. He and his decedents became known as the Capetians. • {Under the Capetians, the French regained territory from the English} • {the Capetians also improved French government} • They also had power over the church by placing a tax on the clergy. • In 1328 the last of the Capetian rulers, Charles IV, died leaving no heirs. • Thus a new line of French kings-the Valois-came into power

17. Hugh Capet

18. Chapter Review • Henry II created an army paid by Who? He also gained new land in ______ • One of Henry’s sons, King John, was forced to accept a document called the _____ _____ by rebellious nobles • What is the governmental body that contains the Great Council and middle-class citizens • Parliament had the power to refuse ___ _____ • Under the Capetians, the French regained territory from who? • The Capetians also improved what countries government

19. Tell me that’s not just a little creepy!!!Oh yea, please don’t try this.