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Understanding Measurements in Science: SI and US Customary Systems Explained

This overview covers the fundamentals of measurements in science, focusing on the International System of Units (SI) and the US customary system. It details key SI units such as meters for length, grams for mass, liters for volume, and Kelvin for temperature, contrasting them with the US customary units. The document explains concepts like weight, mass, volume, density, and time, alongside methods for converting between different measurement systems. Additionally, it touches on scientific notation and the communication of scientific ideas through models and theories.

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Understanding Measurements in Science: SI and US Customary Systems Explained

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Measurements

  2. In Science • The SI system is used for the units in Science. • International System of Units • Meters, grams, Kelvin • US uses mainly the US customary system (Feet, pounds, inches)

  3. SI Units Based on 10 and multiples of 10.

  4. SI Measurements • Meters – measures length • Grams – measures mass • Liters – measures volume • Kelvin – measures temperature • Seconds – measures time

  5. Length • Distance between 2 points(from point A to point B) • Measured in meters (base/root unit) • mm – tip of pencil • cm – pinky

  6. Area • Amount of surface included within a set of boundaries and is expressed in square units of length • Length times width

  7. Weight and Mass • Weight is the gravitational force on an object measured by a scale (SI Unit = Newton) • Mass is the amount of matter • Mass is measured in grams • Measured with: balance • base unit: kg

  8. Volume • The amount of space occupied by an object - can be a solid or liquid • Regular solid – measured by ruler • Irregular solid – measure with graduated cylinder “water displacement” • Measured in cubic units • Liquid volumes measured in milliliters (mL) or Liters (L)

  9. Density • Amount of matter that occupies a space • density = mass/volume

  10. Temperature • Amount of heat energy • Measured with a thermometer - Celsius (C) convert to Kelvin (K) for SI

  11. Time • Interval between 2 events • SI units is seconds (s)

  12. SI Base Units

  13. Commonly Used metric prefixes

  14. Prefix + Base

  15. Conversions • Conversion factors are useful in solving problems. 1 m = _______cm

  16. 25 cm = _________m

  17. 55 cm = ___________km

  18. 78.5 cm = ________m

  19. 0.056 kg = ______g

  20. 0.43 kg = ______mg

  21. Scientific Notation

  22. Scientific Notation • Expressing numbers in shorthand • Expressed in a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by the power of 10

  23. Examples • 90 000 000 000 • 9 x 10 ^ 10 • 542 000 000 000 000 • 5.42 x 10 ^ 14

  24. Examples • . 0000000001 • 1 x 10 ^ -10 • .00000456 • 4.56 x 10 ^ - 6

  25. Section 1.3 Communicating in Science

  26. Models • An idea, a system, or a mathematical expression • Fairly accurate representation of the idea given

  27. Theory vs Law • Theory – explanation based on many observations during repeated experiments • Law – basic fact that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon. “rule of nature” • ex. Law of Conservation of Mass

  28. Converting F C K

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