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Vertebrates

This comprehensive guide explores the subphylum Vertebrata, detailing key classes such as Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes. It covers the evolutionary journey of vertebrates from their earliest forms, like Ostracoderms, to modern fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The discussion includes anatomical features, adaptive behaviors, and reproductive strategies of various vertebrates, including adaptations to both freshwater and marine environments. Gain insights into the diversity and significance of vertebrates in our ecosystems.

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Vertebrates

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  1. Vertebrates BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. The Vertebrates

  3. Subphylum Vertebrata • Vertebrae replace notochord during embryonic development

  4. Fig. 48.8

  5. Superclass Agnatha • No jaws • No paired appendages • Notochord as adult

  6. Ostracoderms • Earliest vertebrate • Paleozoic era • Filter feeders

  7. Hagfish and Lamprey

  8. Class CephalaspidomorphiLamprey Parasites

  9. Class MyxiniHagfish

  10. Superclass Gnathostomata • Jaws • Paired appendages

  11. Fig. 48.13

  12. Class CondrichthyesSubclass Elasmobranchii • Cartilage skeleton • Notochord • No opercula • No swim bladder

  13. SqualusDogfish Shark

  14. DasyatusStingray

  15. Osteichthyes • Boney fish • Not a taxon • Formerly a class

  16. Class Actinopterygii • Rays in fins • Bones • Operculum • Swim bladder

  17. Fish Scales

  18. Adipose Fin Dorsal Fin Pelvic Fin Caudal Fin Pectoral Fin Anal Fin Salmon

  19. Migration Behavior

  20. Subclass DipneustiLung Fish • Breathe air when lake or river dries up

  21. Class Sarcopterygii • Coelacanth • Lobed fins • muscles Order Crossopterygii

  22. Gas exchange • Gills • Ram Ventilation • Skin • Mouth • Gulp air • Lungs

  23. Buoyancy • Sharks must constantly swim to keep from sinking

  24. 1% Salt

  25. Salt Absorb Salt Urine Freshwater Fish 0% Salt Water 1% Salt

  26. Salt Secrete Salt Urine Marine Fish 3.5% Salt Water 1% Salt

  27. Reproduction • Lay eggs in water • Ovoviparous • Egg remains in mother until offspring hatch • The offspring are born alive • Viviparous • Embryo receives nourishment from mother • The offspring are born alive

  28. Courtship Behavior

  29. Oklahoma Fish

  30. Longnose GarOrder SemionotiformesLepisosteus • Ganoid scale • Long snout

  31. Channel CatfishOrder SiluriformesIctalurus • Rounded anal fin

  32. Large Mouth BassOrder PerciformesMicropterus • Large mouth • Upper jaw extends past the eye

  33. Small Mouth BassOrder PerciformesMicropterus • Small mouth

  34. CrappiesOrder PerciformesPomoxis • White crappie is not as dark as dark as the black crappie • Eat crustacean and small fish

  35. Bluegill SunfishOrder PerciformesLepomis • Small mouth • Oval shape • Eat crustaceans and insects

  36. CarpOrder Cypriniformes • Large dorsal fin • Arched back • Omnivores

  37. Tetrapods • Animals with 4 limbs • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals • Evolved from fish

  38. Transitional Tetrapods Skull, teeth, limbs similar to lobe-finned fish Acanthostega Ichthyostega

  39. Amphibians

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