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Basic Terms of Probability

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rachal
19 diapositives · 346 Views · Jan 03, 2020

Understand basic probability concepts such as events, sample space, probability, and odds. Learn how to calculate probabilities with examples using jars, cards, and family scenarios. Explore Mendel's genetics and disease probabilities.

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Basic Terms of Probability
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  1. Basic Terms of Probability

  2. Objectives • Determine the probability of a given event . • Determine the odds of a given event. • Use a Punnet square to determine probability.

  3. Vocabulary • experiment • sample space - the set S of all possible outcomes of an experiment • event – any subset E of the sample space S • probability – success divided by total • odds – success to failures

  4. Formulas

  5. A jar on your desk contains twelve black, eight red, ten yellow, and five green jellybeans.  You pick a jellybean without looking. What is the probability that the jellybean is green?

  6. A jar on your desk contains twelve black, eight red, ten yellow, and five green jellybeans.  You pick a jellybean without looking. What is the probability that the jellybean is not yellow?

  7. A jar on your desk contains twelve black, eight red, ten yellow, and five green jellybeans.  You pick a jellybean without looking. What are the odds in favor of picking a black jellybean?

  8. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card is a heart?

  9. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What are the odds of drawing a heart?

  10. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card is below a 9 (ace high)?

  11. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What are the odds of a card below a 9 (ace high)?

  12. A family has three children.  Using b to stand for boy and g to stand for girl, and using ordered triples such as(bbg) give: the sample space

  13. A family has three children.  Using b to stand for boy and g to stand for girl, and using ordered triples such as(b, b, g) give: the event E that the family has exactly two daughters

  14. A family has three children.  Using b to stand for boy and g to stand for girl, and using ordered triples such as(b, b, g) give: the event F that the family has at least two daughters

  15. A family has three children.  Using b to stand for boy and g to stand for girl, and using ordered triples such as(b, b, g) give: the event G that the family has three daughters

  16. Vocabulary • dominant • recessive • Punnett square • codominant

  17. Mendel found that snapdragons have no color dominance; a snapdragon with one red gene and one white gene will have pink flowers.  If a pure-red snapdragon is crossed with a pure-white snapdragon, find the probability of the following. • a red offspring • a white offspring • a pink offspring

  18. If carrier-detection tests show that two prospective parents have sickle cell trait (and are therefore carriers), find the probability of each of the following • their child would have sickle cell anemia. • their child would have sickle cell trait. • their child would be healthy (free of symptoms).

  19. Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive disease. If carrier-detection tests show that one prospective parent is a carrier of Tay-Sachs and the other has no Tay-Sachs gene, find the probability of each of the following. • their child would have the disease. • their child would be a carrier. • their child would be healthy (free of symptoms)