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Pertemuan 03 - 04 Hydrostatics 1

Pertemuan 03 - 04 Hydrostatics 1. Deals with fluids either at rest or in motion in such away that there is no relative motion between adjacent particles. The term pressure is used to indicate the normal force per unit area at a given point on a given plane within the fluid. Focus :

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Pertemuan 03 - 04 Hydrostatics 1

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  1. Pertemuan 03 - 04Hydrostatics 1

  2. Deals with fluids either at rest or in motion in such away that there is no relative motion between adjacent particles. The term pressure is used to indicate the normal force per unit area at a given point on a given plane within the fluid. Focus : Properties of Fluid Pressure Measurement of Pressure (Manometers) Hydrostatics Flow  Vertical, Horizontal , Inclined, Curved Bernoully Buoyancy, stability of submerged and floating bodies Fundamental Principles

  3. Fluid Pressure (hydrostatics 1) • The force per unit area acting on a real or imaginary surface within a fluid is called intensity of pressure or simply pressure, p. • Pressure at Point • Pascal’s Law • Measurement of Pressure ( Manometers)

  4. Fluid Pressure at a Point • The force per unit area acting on a real or imaginary surface within a fluid is called intensity of pressure or simply pressure, p. • The force exerted by the surrounding fluid on the area dA will always perpendicular to the surface dA. • Mathematically : p = dF/dA - if the forced is uniformly distributed over the area (A) p = F/A = Force/Area • So, Force or Pressure Force , F = p x A

  5. The pressure at a point in static fluid is equal in all direction Forces on a fluid element The forces acting on the element are : Pressure forces formal to the surfaces Weight of element in the vertical direction Forces on the face AB = px x dy x 1 AC = py x dx x 1 BC = pz x ds x 1 Weight of element = (mass of element) x g = (volume x r)x g Revolving the force in x-direction, we have px x dy x 1 – p(ds x 1)sin (90o – q) =0 px x dy x 1 –pz x ds x 1 cos q =0 From fig. ds cos q = AB = dy So px x dy x 1 - pz x ds x dy = 0 px = pz Pascal Law C pz.ds.1 q q px.dy.1 A C py.dx.1

  6. Hydrostatic Law • The pressure at any point in a fluid at rest is obtained by the Hydrostatics Law. • The rate of increase of pressure in vertically downward direction must be equal to the specific weight of the fluid at that point.

  7. Application • Communicating Tube • Pascal’s Paradox • Hydraulic Jack • Manometer - U-Tube Manometer - Prandtl-Manometer - Betz-Manometer - Manometer for Small Pressure Difference • Hydraulic Siphon • Chimney

  8. Hydraulic Jack Application (3.6) ▲ Fig. 3.9

  9. Manometer A) U-Tube Manometer (3.7) (3.8) (3.9) ◀ Fig. 3.10

  10. B) Prandtl-Manometer (3.10) (3.11) ◀ Fig. 3.11

  11. C) Betz-Manometer ▲ Fig. 3.12

  12. (3.12) (3.13) (3.14) (3.15) D) Manometer for Small Pressure Difference ▲ Fig. 3.13

  13. Hydraulic Siphon (3.16) ▲ Fig. 3.14

  14. Chimney ▲ Fig. 3.15

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