Air Quality Reporting and Assessment

1. Air Quality Reporting and Assessment RNDr. Jaroslav Fiala, CSc. Czech Hydrometeorological Istitute ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

2. Loss of statistical life expectancy (months) due to anthropogenic PM2.5 emissions Current levels of particles and ozone concentrations cause annually around 380,000 premature deaths in Europe Air pollution is still a serious environmental problem Despite apparent improvement of air quality over the past decades, there are still substantial impacts on human health, ecosystems and crops. Around 47% of EU’s sensitive ecosystem area received nitrogen (a nutrient) at levels that cause eutrophication and can lead to ecosystem alterations and biodiversity loss ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

3. How EEA cotributes to solv air pollution issues? • Collect, process and disseminate air emission and air quality data • Assess and report on trends in air emissions and in air quality • Assess impact of air pollution • Support the development, implementation and evaluation of EU policies • Cooperate with European and international organisations/institutions EEA provides information support for policy makers: ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

4. Legal framework of AQ reporting in EU • Air quality framework directive 96/62/EC • Daughter directives to 96/62/EC • 1st DD (1999/30/EC)  SO2, NO2, NOx, PM10, lead • 2nd DD (2000/69/EC)  benzene, CO • 3rd DD (2002/3/EC)  ozone • 4th DD (2004/107/EC)  Cd, As, Hg, Ni and PAHs • Decision 2004/461/EC laying down a questionnaire to be used for annual reporting on ambient air quality assessment in zones and agglomerations • Exchange of Information, Decision 97/101/EC establishing a reciprocal exchange of (AQ) information and data from networks within the member states ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

5. Guiding documents • Guidance on the annexes to Decision 97/101/EC on exchange of information as revised by Decision 2001/752/EC (April 2002) • Commission Decision 2004/279/EC concerning guidance for implementation of Directive 2002/3/EC relating on ozone in ambient air • Guidance on AQ assessment in zones and agglomerations ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

6. EEA’s ROLE: Public DATABASES and INTERACTIVE TOOLS • AirBase: air quality monitoring data • Air Emissions database • EPER: high emissions from certain industrial facilities to both air and water • Pilot ozone-web: near-real time ozone data ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

7. Data service – Air Quality Data Publicly available Airbase measurement data: http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/available2.asp?type=findkeyword&theme=air%20quality AirBase Air Viewer: http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/map/airview/ http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/map/airview/?configfile=config_value.xml&sessionid=27072 ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

8. http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/metadetails.asp?id=949http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/metadetails.asp?id=949 ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

9. Data service – Air Emissions EEA air pollutant emissions data viewer (NEC D) http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/viewdata/viewpvt.asp?id=444 EEA air pollutant emissions data viewer (CLRTAP) http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/viewdata/viewpvt.asp?id=435 European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) http://eper.ec.europa.eu/eper/flashmap.asp ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

10. OzoneWeb • A GIS-based system for collecting, providing and visualizing near real-time ambient ozone levels across Europe. • Also provides background information on ozone and its health impacts. • Website aimed at use by the general public. • http://www.eea.europa.eu/maps/ozone/map/ • Developed 1st half 2006. Live in June 2006 ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

11. Ozone web - status ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

12. EEA’s ROLE: ASSESSMENTS • Indicators • Spatial assessment – AQ mapping • Air Pollution in Europe Report • Environment for Europe - The Fourth Assessment (Belgrade) Report • Summer Ozone Report • Tropospheric Ozone Report ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

13. EEA activities: Indicators ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

14. Indicators – emissions of primárních PM a SIA precursors • Aggregated emissions of PPM (PM10) and secondary particulate precursors (NOx, SO2, NH3) were reduced by 45% across the EEA member countries between 1990 and 2005 • This was mainly due to the reduction in emissions of the secondary particulate precursors which were reduced by 45% during this period, but also due to reductions in primary PM10 emissions from energy industries, due to the move away from coal to natural gas for electricity generation and improvements in the performance of particulate abatement equipment at coal-fired power stations • Total EU-15 emissions of fine particles were reduced by 46% between 1990 and 2005 with the highest decrease in the energy industry sector which reduced its emissions by 65% during this period • EU-12 emissions of fine particulate matter were reduced by 54% mainly due to reductions achieved in the industry and energy sectors which reduced their emissions by 70% and 60%, respectively ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

15. Air Quality Indicators In the period 1997-2005 • 16-45% of the urban population was potentially exposed to ambient air concentrations of PM10 in excess of the EU limit value set for the protection of human health. No discernible trend over the period. • 21-47% of the urban population was potentially exposed to ambient air NO2 concentrations above the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (40 g NO2/m3 annual mean). There was a slight downwards trend over the period • 13-60% of the urban population in Europe was exposed to ambient ozone concentrations exceeding the EU target value set for the protection of human health (120 g O3/m3 daily maximum 8-hourly average, not to be exceeded more than 25 times a calendar year). There was no discernible trend over the period ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

16. AQQs List of zones in EU Member States in relation to air quality thresholds laid down in Council Directives 96/62/EC, 1999/30/EC, 2000/69/EC and 2002/3/EC http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/legislation/pdf/zones_2006.pdf ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

17. Air Quality Mapping ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

18. Air pollution health impact assessment EEA : EU24 (EU25 - CY): 327,000 premature deaths attributable to particulate pollution, 2004 CAFE Thematic Strategy: 348,000 attributable deaths (year 2000) ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

19. Outputs - Products • EEA state and outlooks reports • EEA studies • Brífinky • EEA technical reports • EEA multimedia publications • Internet/web serviceswww.eea.europa.eu ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

20. DPSIR casual chain applied in assessments ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

21. Selected AQ Reports • Air pollution in Europe 1990-2004http://reports.eea.europa.eu/eea_report_2007_2/en • Europe's environment — The fourth assessmenthttp://reports.eea.europa.eu/state_of_environment_report_2007_1/en • Air pollution by ozone across Europe during summer 2007http://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2008_5/en ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute