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Egyptian Civilization

Egyptian Civilization. Chapter 2 section 4. Chief Gods and Goddesses. Amon -Re – great lord of the gods Pharaohs were believed to receive their right to rule from Amon -Re Osiris – god of the Nile Isis – promised the faithful they would have life after death.

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Egyptian Civilization

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  1. Egyptian Civilization Chapter 2 section 4

  2. Chief Gods and Goddesses • Amon-Re – great lord of the gods • Pharaohs were believed to receive their right to rule from Amon-Re • Osiris – god of the Nile • Isis – promised the faithful they would have life after death

  3. A Pharaoh Tries to Reshape Religion • Akhenaton- ordered priests to worship only Aton (a minor god) and to remove the names of other gods from their temples • radical • Was he effective?

  4. Proving Oneself to Osiris • Each soul had to pass a test to win eternal life • To survive the journey in the underworld, Egyptians relied on the Book of the Dead • Contained spells, charms, and formulas for the dead to use in the afterlife

  5. Preparing the Dead for the Afterlife • Egyptians believed the afterlife would be much like life on earth • People were buried with everything they would need • Mummification – preservation of dead bodies by embalming them and wrapping them in cloth • During the New Kingdom, pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings • Tutankhamen (“King Tut”)

  6. King Tut’s Tomb

  7. Egyptians Organize Their Society Pharaoh & Royal Family Govn’t Officials, High Priests & Priestesses Merchants, Scribes, Artisans Peasants

  8. Egyptians Organize Their Society • Most Egyptians were peasant farmers or slaves • In the off season they would serve the pharaoh • Temples, palaces, tombs • Women would raise children, collect water, & cook • Egyptians women had more power than other women in the ancient world

  9. Keeping Written Records • Hieroglyphics – a system in which symbols or pictures represent objects, concepts, or sounds • Hieratic  demotic symbols – a cursive form of writing • Papyrus – a paper like writing material

  10. The Clues of the Rosetta Stone • 1800s Jean Champollion deciphered the meanings of ancient hieroglyphics • Rosetta Stone – hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek

  11. Furthering Science and Mathematics • Physicians performed surgery and believed in magic as well • Mapped constellations and movement of planets • Made a 12 month with 30 days calendar with 5 days added on the end • Developed geometry

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