U.S. Military Group Bogota, Colombia

1. U.S. Military Group Bogota, Colombia Jacinto Rodriguez Senior Logistics Advisor U.S. MILGP, Colombia rodriguj@bogota.mg.southcom.mil Humanitarian Assistance in a Complex Emergency

2. Topics • U.S. Support to Colombia • Humanitarian Situation in Colombia • Complex Emergency Background • Status of illegal Armed Groups • U.S. Military Group HA Program in a Complex Emergency

22. February 2003 Bogota, Colombia

23. U.S. Support to Plan Colombia • Eradication • Military Support to the Narco-terrorist effort • Economic & Social Development • Alternative Development • Democracy Strengthening • Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons • Justice Sector Reform

24. Characteristics of Complex Emergencies • Politically driven resource wars • High levels of violence • Cultures, ethnic, minority groups at risk of extinction • Represent catastrophic public health emergencies • Vulnerable groups more at risk • Dense populations have erased territorial buffer zones between disparate peoples • Economic and resource driven migration of large populations • Human rights violations

25. Displaced Persons Concentration Humanitarian Situation in Colombia • Displaced and affected population estimated at: 800,000 up to 2,000,000 • Numerous civilians killed each year as result of armed conflict and narco-terrorism. • Current HAP Focus Area:Arauca

26. Total Population: 153,000 Arauquita Pop: 23,000 Pop: 40,000 Saravena Pop: 26,000 Concentration of, ELN, FARC, and AUC along Venezuelan border Arauca Became a Department on 4 Jul 1991

27. Background(Arauca’s Complex Emergency) • In 1983, oil was discovered in Arauca, Colombia • Arrival of multinational corporations attracted many people; including guerrillas forces. • This pioneer environment allowed the ELN to install itself in the political system through a front called Domingo Laín. • Extortion provided the ELN funds to finance its activities. • The ELN discovered that narco-trafficking was more profitable than other activities.

28. Background(Arauca’s Complex Emergency) • As the FARC narco-trafficking and paramilitary (AUC) activities increased, the ELN became weaker. • Not until the late 90s did the country realize how strong the FARC was in Arauca. • GOC learned that the local commander was brother of the FARC’s second in command: “Mono Jojoy.”

29. Background(Arauca’s Complex Emergency) • Violence continued throughout the late 90s and in January 2003, President Uribe changed how oil royalties would be managed in Arauca. • It is well known that oil Royalties finance FARC and ELN activities. • Currently the Colombian Army’s 18th Brigade is the largest government presence in Arauca.

30. Current Situation in Arauca • With sporadic pipeline attacks, the ELN obtains multiple benefits: • Extorts contractors • Ambushes the military • Maintains a high profile without compromising the flow of royalties which they control from political positions • Oil royalties and oil related “activites” provide 92% of the department’s budget. • The current conflict in Arauca is caused by the struggle between the ELN’s political power and FARC’s military power.

31. FARC Current Status • 15,000 strong • "[The FARC resolves to] collect the TAX FOR PEACE from those persons or corporations whose wealth is greater than $1,000,000 in U.S. dollars…Those who do not attend to this requirement, shall be detained. Their liberation shall depend upon the payment of the determined sum. PUBLISH AND COMPLY." FARC Field Marshall FARC Commander Jorge Briceno Suarez, "El Mono Jojoy" Name: PEDRO ANTONIO MARIN Alias: Manuel Marulanda Vélez, Tiro Fijo. *Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia

32. 3,800 strong • "From this moment, all property or goods of these [petroleum] companies will be military targets of our organization and whoever works for them is doing so at their own risk."ELN communiqué dated April 10, 2002 • Local Opposition Fortified by Paramilitaries and Narcotraffickers *ELN Current Status ELN Commander Nicolas “Gabino” Rodriguez *Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional

33. Paramilitaries (*AUC) Current Status AUC Commander Carlos Castaño • 8,000 strong • "The art of the guerrillas is to hide themselves among the civilians. That may give them immunity against the army and police but not against [the AUC]." • Broad popular support across all social classes *Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia

34. COVEÑAS METERING ST. KM 772.80 PS-4 ORU KM 376.80 AYACUCHO METERING ST. KM 473.03 R. ZULIA TRAP ST. KM 284.70 PS-3 TOLEDO KM 192.01 PS-2 SAMORE KM 137.10 PS-1 CAÑO LIMON KM 000 PS-1A BANADIA KM 78.46 HISTORICAL Narco-Terrorist Attacks on oil pipeline (1986-2002) Dented Broken Latest Attacks MAGDALENA Station attack VENEZUELA CESAR 650 CORDOBA 700 SUCRE 750 600 854 550 BOLIVAR 792 781 786 790 760 776 758 752 771 500 856 806 805 400 450 350 872 876 847 859 867 841 855 862 838 848 860 300 850 SANTANDER DEL NORTE 837 840 849 858 819 871 767 831 875 836 829 818 857 869 826 866 827 835 795 824 874 844 868 815 865 816 822 785 250 823 873 830 810 864 861 811 803 778 821 845 812 852 853 796 863 799 772 783 820 Colombia 809 842 825 834 791 833 851 797 766 846 773 804 794 839 787 808 788 200 843 780 814 765 763 801 832 784 798 779 777 ORU PS-4 RIO ZULIA STATION TOLEDO PS-3 AYACUCHO STATION BANADIA PS-1A 813 774 STATION C. LIMON PS-1 807 764 755 782 828 PS-2 SAMORE 793 762 770 802 870 751 756 754 876 768 800 775 757 761 789 2400 750 759 769 150 749 753 1600 ELEVATION - METERS 50 800 100 817 0 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 ARAUCA BOYACA KILOMETERS As of Aug 2002

35. Ataques 2003 Actualizado al 9 de Mayo/03 COVEÑAS METERING ST. KM 772.80 PS-4 ORU KM 376.80 AYACUCHO METERING ST. KM 473.03 R. ZULIA TRAP ST. KM 284.70 PS-3 TOLEDO KM 192.01 PS-2 SAMORE KM 137.10 PS-1 CAÑO LIMON KM 000 PS-1A BANADIA KM 78.46 Attacks in 2003 Rupture Dent MAG. VENEZUELA CESAR 650 700 SUCRE 750 600 550 BOLIVAR CORDOBA 500 969 970 400 450 962 350 Oil Fields Map 300 N. DE SANTANDER Venezuela 250 971 200 967 968 964 960 965 963 961 150 966 Colombia 50 100 BOYACA ARAUCA

36. PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION } • Depts y Municipality: 12 % • Royalty national fund: 8% ROYALTIES 20% ECOPETROL 40% 50% after royalties } • Taxes and operational cost: 25% • Associate profit : 15% ASOCIADOS 40% 50% After royalties

37. 2001 Losses: US$ 575 Million

38. Humanitarian Assistance Challenges • FARC, ELN and Paramilitary Conflict: • Claims Thousands of Lives Yearly • Undermines Confidence in the GOC • Erodes Economic Investment

39. USMILGP HA Program Goals • Use HA/DP as a tool to mitigate Transnational Threats and Complex Emergencies resulting from narco-terrorist activities: • Priority 1:Renovate/refurbish school/clinicsnear bases where there is a U.S. presence in Colombia to promote Theater Security Cooperation. • Priority 2:Establish HA warehouses/staging areas in Colombia to distribute HA supplies to population affected by Complex Emergency in the region • Priority 3: Renovate/refurbish schools/clinics near borders with Colombia to mitigate transnational threat caused by narco-terrorists border crossings.

40. Theater Security Cooperation • Priority 1: Renovate/refurbish school/clinics near bases where there is a U.S. presence in Colombia to promote Theater Security Cooperation.

41. HA Warehouses Near Ports • Priority 2: Establish HA warehouses/staging areas in Colombia to distribute HA supplies to population affected by Complex Emergency in the region.

42. Transnational Threat Border Crossing Border Crossing Border Crossing • Priority 3: Renovate/refurbish schools/clinics/community centers near borders with Colombia to mitigate transnational threat caused by narco-terrorists border crossings.

43. HA Challenges OXY, Ambassador, Governor • Security and Safety • Fluid priorities in the field • Coordination with local government authorities • Gaining trust of affected population • Consequences of accepting assistance/ benefits. USAID & MILGP Commander

44. FY 03 Projects • School Supplies: • Delivered 2 containers to Arauca. • Requested 3 additional containers for Arauca. • Medical Supplies: • Delivered 2 containers to Arauca. • Requested 3 more containers; 2 for Arauca and 1 for Caqueta. • Humanitarian Assistance Supplies: • Requested 2 containers: blankets, beds, sheets, etc. • Emergency Infrastructure Assessment for Arauca. • Schools Renovations for Arauca: • Will renovate schools in Arauca, Arauquita, and Saravena.

45. HA Donations for Arauca

46. Arauca Schools Renovations Arauca Arauquita Bocas De Bayonero Angelitos P. Nuevo Saravena El Troncal La Yuca La Reinera La Antioqueña PF2 La Esmeralda Banadia Los Chorros PF1 El Final La Pesquera Fortul Pueblo Nuevo Panama de Caranal Arauca Bajo Caranal Pto . Jordan Puente Tabla Betoyes Tame Cravo Norte Pto Rondón

47. City of Arauca 1 Esc. Los Libertadores Esc. Gustavo Villa Diaz 4 Rio Arauca Esc. Juan Isidro Daboin 5 3 Esc.Flor de mi Llano 2 Esc. Divino Nino

48. City of Saravena Esc. Villa Cecilia, Isla del Charo 2 Esc. Juan Bosco 1 3 Esc. Jose Eustacio Rivera

49. City of Arauquita Rio Arauca Escuela Liceo del Llano 1 2 Escuela Gabriel Garcia Marquez

50. FY 04 Projects • Renovate Emergency Operations Center in Bogota. • Educational supplies and equipment to small schools in Arauca, Caqueta, and Putumayo. • Medical/hospital supplies and equipment to Arauca, Caqueta, and Putumayo. • Renovate/Construct Disaster Relief Supplies Warehouse in Cartagena. • Renovate/refurbish schools in Arauca. • Renovate/refurbish schools in Putumayo.