September 11 th & The Rise of Terrorism

1. September 11th& The Rise of Terrorism Mrs. Fante

2. Fast Facts • Nineteen men hijacked four fuel-loaded US commercial airplanes. A total of 2,977 people were killed in New York City, Washington, DC and outside of Shanksville, Pennsylvania. • The attack was orchestrated by al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. • Of those who perished during the initial attacks and the subsequent collapses of the towers, 343 were New York City firefighters, 23 were New York City police officers and 37 were officers at the Port Authority.

3. Fast Facts • At the Pentagon in Washington, 184 people were killed when hijacked American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the building. • Near ShanksVille, Pennsylvania, 40 passengers and crew members aboard United Airlines Flight 93 died when the plane crashed into a field. It is believed that the hijackers crashed the plane in that location, rather than their unknown target, after the passengers and crew attempted to retake control of the flight deck.

4. Footage of the Attacks • http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-timeline

5. Timeline • September 11, 2001 • -8:46 a.m. ET - American Airlines Flight 11 (traveling from Boston to Los Angeles) strikes the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. • - 9:03 a.m. ET - United Airlines Flight 175 (traveling from Boston to Los Angeles) strikes the south tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. • - 9:37 a.m. ET - American Airlines Flight 77 (traveling from Dulles, Virginia, to Los Angeles) strikes the Pentagon Building in Washington.

6. Timeline • - 9:59 a.m. ET - South tower of WTC collapses in approximately 10 seconds. • - 10:03 a.m. ET - United Airlines Flight 93 (traveling from Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco) crashes in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. • - 10:28 a.m. ET - North tower of WTC collapses. The time between the first attack and the collapse of both World Trade Center towers is 102 minutes.

7. Economic Impact • $500,000 - Estimated amount of money it cost to plan and execute the 9/11 attacks. • $123 billion - Estimated economic loss during the first 2-4 weeks after the World Trade Center towers collapsed in New York City, as well as decline in airline travel over next few years • $60 billion - Estimated cost of the WTC site damage, including damage to surrounding buildings, infrastructure and subway facilities. • .

8. Economic Impact • $40 billion - Value of the emergency anti-terrorism package approved by the US Congress on September 14, 2001. • 15 billion- Aid package passed by Congress to bail out the airlines. • $9.3 billion - Insurance claims arising from the 9/11 attacks

15. Homeland Security • The Department of Homeland Security was created in response to September 11. The vision of homeland security is to ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards. • It merged 22 governmental agencies into one, including the U.S. Coast Guard , U.S. Secret Service, Federal Emergency Management Agency , Immigration and Naturalization Service , and the newly created Transportation Security Administration (TSA). • The Department of Homeland Security placed 130 US inspectors at ports in major European, Asian, and Muslim nations, as well as strategically-located ports, to inspect cargo for nuclear, chemical or biological weapons being smuggled into the US.

16. The Patriot Act • The PATRIOT Act is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. With its ten-letter abbreviation (USA PATRIOT) • Full title: "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001". • Allowed intense surveillance without court orders over American’s: • Phone Records • Credit History • Computer Records • Banking History

17. The Patriot Act • While Congress voted in favor of the bill, and some in America felt the bill actually did not go far enough to combat terrorism, the law faced a torrent of criticism. • Some activists worried that the Patriot Act would curtail domestic civil liberties and would give the executive branch too much power to investigate Americans under a veil of secrecy • The USA Freedom Act is a U.S. law enacted on June 2, 2015 (Obama) that restored in modified form several provisions of the Patriot Act, which had expired the day before. • The act imposes some new limits on the bulk collection of telecommunication metadata on U.S. citizens by American intelligence agencies, including the National Security Agency. It also restores authorization for roving wiretaps and tracking lone wolf terrorists.

18. Iraq War • In 2002 the new U.S. president, George W. Bush, argued that the vulnerability of the United States following the September 11 attacks of 2001, combined with Iraq’s alleged continued possession and manufacture of weapons of mass destruction and its support for terrorist groups—which, according to the Bush administration, included al-Qaeda, made disarming Iraq a renewed priority.

19. Iraq War • March 17, seeking no further UN resolutions and deeming further diplomatic efforts by the Security Council futile, Bush declared an end to diplomacy and issued an ultimatum to Saddam, giving the Iraqi president 48 hours to leave Iraq. • The leaders of France, Germany, Russia, and other countries objected to this buildup toward war.

20. The War in Afghanistan • beginning in 2001 – The war was triggered by the September 11 attacks and consisted of three phases. • The first phase—toppling the Taliban—was brief, lasting just two months. • The second phase, from 2002 until 2008, was marked by a U.S. strategy of defeating the Taliban militarily and rebuilding core institutions of the Afghan state. • The third phase, a turn to classic counterinsurgency doctrine, began in 2008 and accelerated with U.S. Pres. Barack Obama’s 2009 decision to temporarily increase the U.S. troop presence in Afghanistan.

21. The War in Afghanistan • The larger force was used to implement a strategy of protecting the population from Taliban attacks. • The strategy came coupled with a timetable for the withdrawal of the foreign forces from Afghanistan; beginning in 2011, security responsibilities would be gradually handed over to the Afghan military and police. • Unfortunately, insurgent attacks and civilian casualties remained stubbornly high, while many of the Afghan military and police units taking over security duties appeared to be ill-prepared to hold off the Taliban. • By the time the U.S. and NATO combat mission formally ended in December 2014, the 13-year Afghanistan War had become the longest war ever fought by the United States.

22. Capture of Osama Bin Laden • On May 2, 2011- Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden is killed by U.S. Special Forces during an early morning (approximately mid-afternoon on May 1 in the United States) raid in Abbottabad, Pakistan. • May 6, 2011 - Al Qaeda confirms bin Laden's death, in a statement on jihadist forums. • The Pakistan government is suspected to have known of Bin Laden’s residence • News Clipping: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THLcqxgka0k

23. Rise of ISIS • (Islamic State of Iraq & Syria)-The group began in 2004 as al Qaeda in Iraq, before rebranding as ISIS two years later. • It was an ally of – and had similarities with -- Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda: both were radical anti-Western militant groups devoted to establishing an independent Islamic state in the region. • ISIS – unlike al Qaeda, which disowned the group in early 2014 – has proven to be more brutal and more effective at controlling territory it has seized.

24. Rise of ISIS • From the cabinet and the governors to the financial and legislative bodies, ISIS' bureaucratic hierarchy looks a lot like those of some of the Western countries whose values it rejects • That is-if you take away the democracy and add in a council to consider who should be beheaded. • ISIS' intensive use of social media and even online gaming platforms to recruit and communicate sets it apart from other terror groups. It also makes it more difficult to distinguish between plots that are directed, encouraged or simply inspired.

26. Oil and Land: What ISIS Controls • The group seized control of Mosul, Iraq’s second-largest cityduring the summer of 2014 • However, its power base is in Raqqa, eastern Syria, where ISIS is now in control of more than half of Syria’s oil assets along with a number of oil fields in Iraq. • Experts have determined the oil is finding its way to the black market and could be making ISIS up to $3 million each day.

28. The Basics • Check out this video for a summary of Iraq, Syria, and the rise of ISIS. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQPlREDW-Ro

29. Increasing Threats

30. Increasing Threats

31. Increasing Threats • More than 33,000 people died at the hands of the Islamic State group and other organizations loyal to it between 2002 and 2015 • In all, the organizations were behind more than 4,900 incidents between 2002 and 2015. They killed more than 33,000 people, injured more than 41,000 and kidnapped more than 11,000 people. • The acts of terror have been wildly successful. From beheadings to summary executions to amputations to crucifixions, the terrorist group has become the most feared organization in the Middle East. • ISIS uses the violation of women as a tool to govern, hold territory and fund its operation. Women are captured by the terror group and auctioned off or promised to upcoming recruits. Often when a territory is conquered, the women in residence are raped at high numbers and then rotated into sex slavery.