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Energy Systems for Exercise

raleigh avatar
raleigh
26 diapositives · 441 Views · Aug 15, 2012

This presentation by Ms. Lea Green explores the human body's energy systems critical for movement during exercise. It details how the body uses different energy pathways—ATP, ATP-CP, Anaerobic, and Aerobic systems—based on the intensity and duration of physical activity. From quick, powerful bursts of energy sustained for seconds to long-term endurance efforts, the breakdown of ATP and the role of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in energy production are discussed. Learn how these systems function to fuel our muscles and support various athletic activities.

#power #erg #joule #force #heat #entropy #work #pull
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Energy Systems for Exercise
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  1. Energy Systemsfor Exercise Presenter: Ms. Lea Green

  2. The human body is made to move in many ways: • Quick and powerful • Graceful & coordinated • Sustained for many hours And is dependent upon the capacity to produce energy

  3. We have a great amount of diversity • Quick movements-lasts a few seconds • Reduced speed-lasts for several minutes • Reduced intensity(50%)-lasts for several hours The body uses different energy systems for each activity

  4. Cells in the body need energy to functionFOOD=ENERGY (E)

  5. Cells don’t get Energy directly from food, it must be broken down into:ATP-Adensosine TRIphosphateATP = a form of energy one can immediately use, it is needed for cells to function & muscles to contract

  6. Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Glucose Fatty acids Amino Acids Nutrients that give us energy: Digestion Absorbed into the blood & transported to cells (muscle, liver & nerve) They are used to produce ATP or stored

  7. ATP is stored in small amounts, therefore the rest is stored as: • Glucose = Glycogen (muscle & liver) • Fatty Acids = Body fat • Amino Acids = Growth, repair or excreted as waste

  8. Predominant Energy Pathways • ATP (2-3 seconds) • ATP-CP Energy System (8-10 seconds) • Anaerobic Energy System (2-3 minutes) • Aerobic Energy System (3 minutes +)

  9. 0 sec 4 sec 10 sec 1.5 min 3 min + Strength – Power:power lift, shot put, golf swing Sustained Power:sprints, fast breaks, football Anaerobic Power – Endurance:200-400 m dash, 100 m swim Aerobic Endurance:Beyond 800 m run Immediate/short-term Aerobic-oxidativenon-oxidative systems system

  10. ATP-CP Energy System ATP is stored in the muscle & liver for “Quick Energy” Nerve impulses trigger breakdown of ATP into ADP ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate & 1 Phosphate The splitting of the Phosphate bond = Energy for work Ex. Muscle Contraction, Moving hand from a hot stove, Jumping & Throwing

  11. The ATP Molecule a. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) P Adenosine P P b. The breakdown of ATP: P Adenosine P P Energy Energy for cellular function ATP = ADP + energy for biological work + P(ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate)

  12. For contractions to continue… ATP must be REBUILT This comes from the splitting of CP (Creatine Phosphate a Hi energy source, automatic) When ATP is used – it is rebuilt – as long as there is CP Energy released from CP breaking down, resynthesizes the ADP & P

  13. REMEMBER – only small amounts of ATP are stored = only 2-3 sec. of Energy ATP-CP = 8-10 sec. of Energy The usefulness isn’t the AMOUNT of Energy but the QUICK & POWERFUL movements For longer periods of work = The Aerobic & Anaerobic Energy System must be utilized

  14. The Immediate Resynthesis of ATP by CP a. Creatine Phosphate (CP) Creatine P High energy bond b. CP = Creatine + energy for resynthesis of ATP +P Creatine P Energy c. ADP + energy from CP + P = ATP (reversal of ATP = ADP + P + energy for work) P Adenosine P P

  15. Anaerobic Energy System • Without oxygen = Activities that require a large burst of energy over a short period of time • Anaerobic Glycolysis = Production of ATP from Carbohydrates without oxygen (breakdown of glucose)

  16. Since glycogen is stored in the muscle & liver, it is available quickly This system provides ATP when ATP-CP runs out Again, ATP-CP lasts for a few seconds, the Anaerobic Energy System allows for 2-3 minutes of work

  17. The process to produce ATP is not as fast as ATP-CP, which makes muscle contraction slower • When oxygen is not present the end product of glycolisis is lactic acid, which causes the muscles to fatigue • Anaerobic Glycolisis is less efficient in producing ATP than Aerobic Glycolisis, BUT is needed for a large burst of energy lasting a few minutes

  18. Without Oxygen Glucose = 2ATP + 2LA (digested component of carbohydrates) Glycogen = 3ATP + 2LA (the storage form of glucose)

  19. With Oxygen Glucose + O2 = 36ATP + H2O + CO2 Fatty Acids + O2 = 129ATP Body Fat is a great source of ENERGY

  20. Oxygen Deficit = The body can not supply enough O2 to the muscles that the muscles demand • When the muscle does not get enough oxygen, exhaustion is reached causing immediate and involuntary reduction in intensity • Oxygen Debt = “pays back” the deficit • recovery time

  21. Aerobic Energy System With Oxygen = Using large muscle groups continuously over a period of time Aerobic Glycolisis & Fatty Acid Oxidation = The production of ATP from Carbohydrates & Fat

  22. O2 enters the system, stopping the breakdown of glycogen to lactic acid • With oxygen, glycogen breaks down into: ATP + CO2 + H20 • These byproducts are easier to get rid of • CO2 is expelled by the lungs • H20 is used in the muscle

  23. 4.Anaerobic Energy System = Carbohydrates are the only fuel source 5.With prolonged exercise, Carbohydrates are the first fuel choice, as exercise continues, FAT becomes predominant 6.Protein is not a main fuel source except in an emergency

  24. Each system plays an important role in energy production • This gives us a variety of movements • The systems interact to supply Energy for the activity

  25. Examples Anaerobic 70-80% Anaerobic Aerobic 20-30% Aerobic Wt. Training Stop & Go Sports Jogging Gymnastics Tennis Marathons Football Soccer Cycling Baseball Field Hockey Aerobic Dance

  26. Shelton StateWellness CenterPED 223Methods of Instruction