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DECADE OF CRISIS

DECADE OF CRISIS. 1850’s. Abolitionist Movement. Frederick Douglass- escaped slave- became an abolitionist author and speaker. William Lloyd Garrison- most radical white abolitionist-newspaper “The Liberator”- 1831. Reformers and abolitionists:.

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DECADE OF CRISIS

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  1. DECADE OF CRISIS 1850’s

  2. Abolitionist Movement • Frederick Douglass- escaped slave- became an abolitionist author and speaker • William Lloyd Garrison- most radical white abolitionist-newspaper “The Liberator”- 1831

  3. Reformers and abolitionists: • Harriett Tubman- leader of the Underground Railroad • Sojourner Truth- abolitionist and women’s rights

  4. The Grimke Sisters 1830s Abolitionist sisters from S.C. Sarah and Angelina

  5. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony First women’s right convention-1848 Seneca Falls, NY Fought for women’s rights

  6. Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state Utah and New Mexico will have popular sovereignty (people decide issue of slavery) Buying and selling slaves (slave trade) in Washington, D.C. is illegal, but owning slaves is not. Fugitive Slave Law (next slide)

  7. Fugitive Slave Law • Federal law to help slaveholders recapture slaves. • Slaveholders could demand help from authorities. • Blacks (free or slaves) could not defend themselves. • Anyone who helped a slave or refused to help the slaveholder could be fined and/or jailed.

  8. Reaction to the Compromise of 1850: Results: • Made Northerners accomplices in slavery against their will. • Made slavery personal to those who had not been touched by it. • Ordinary people began to join abolitionist groups. • Northern states passed Personal Liberty Laws which conflicted with the Fugitive Slave Act. (State vs. Federal Law)

  9. Reaction to Compromise of 1850: • Uncle Tom’s Cabin – written by Harriet Beecher Stowe- 1852 • Written in protest to the Fugitive Slave Act. • She talked to escaped slaves • Showed slavery at its best and worst

  10. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (cont’d) 4. Excellent propaganda; sold more than any book except the Bible 5. Northerners – agitated and wanted to order an end to slavery 6. Southerners – angry; defended slavery 7. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and reaction to it helped cause the Civil War.

  11. Kansas-Nebraska Act & Its Results • Terms of the Compromise: – proposed by Stephen Douglas- 1854 • Popular Sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska territories. Repealed Missouri Compromise (trying to increase Southern support to run for President). • Proposal would get Southerners to agree with a northern route for the railroad.

  12. Kansas- Nebraska Territory

  13. Kansas-Nebraska Act & Its Results: • Results – Douglas misjudged Northern dislike of slavery in territories • Kansas – fraudulent election produced pro-slavery territory government. Elected 2 governments – 2 capitals (Topeka and Lawrence)

  14. Kansas-Nebraska Act & Its Results: “Bleeding Kansas” – 200 deaths • Pro Slavery men murdered anti slavery men in Lawrence • John Brown and sons murdered 5 slavery supporters • (called the Pottawatomie Massacre) • Abolitionists helped “free soil” settlers move to Kansas so they could vote • “Beecher’s Bibles” - guns

  15. John Brown

  16. Kansas-Nebraska Act & Its Results: • Violence Spreads • Senator Charles Sumner (Mass.) – violent anti slavery speaker. • Preston Brooks – (S.C.) Republican who beat Sumner unconscious on the Senate Floor. • S.C. cheered Brooks for defending the honor of the South. *This proved to the North that the South had a violent Society.

  17. Sumner/Brooks Incident

  18. Slavery

  19. Immigration and New Parties • Immigration Flood • 1845-1860 – mostly from Ireland, most go to New York • Settled in free states – jobs, land, no slave labor for compromise • Germans, Scandinavians went to mid-west; Irish stayed in cities.

  20. Immigration 1840 - 1860

  21. Immigration and New Parties • Opposition To Immigrants • Nativism – native born people favored over immigrants • Job Competition – immigrants worked for less • Religion – many immigrants were Roman Catholic • Language differences - accents

  22. Immigration and New Parties New Political Alliances- Whig party had split over slavery, Dem. Party was weak- this opened the door for new parties Parties began to split into Northern and Southern branches

  23. -One new party was the American Party-also called the “know nothings” -Strong b/c nativist attitudes against immigrants was so strong -created from a secret organization called the “Order of the Star Spangled Banner” and answered ques. w/ “I know nothing”

  24. Republican Party -1854-based entirely in North • Favored: • Higher wages • Transcontinental Railroad • Protective Tariff • No Slavery in Territories Election of 1856 – Buchanan won the Presidency

  25. Free-Soil Party- opposed the extension of slavery into new territories

  26. Crisis - Secession • Dred Scott Case- 1856 • Background – Scott was a slave, taken to a free state and back to a slave state. • He sued for freedom but lost because: • 1. He was not a citizen therefore he can’t sue. • 2. He was considered property and property does not change with geography. • Ruled Missouri Compromise Unconstitutional

  27. Dred Scott

  28. P. 332 Red Book 1. On what basis did Dred Scott sue for his freedom? 2. What state Supreme Court did the case end up in? Did this help or hurt Scott’s case? 3. What year did the case make it to the Supreme Court and how many of the nine justices voted against Scott? 4. List two reasons why Chief Justice Taney ruled against Scott. 5. Why was the Supreme Court’s ruling so shocking and controversial? Even though it was a victory for the south, how did it help the Republican Party?

  29. Douglas – (Dem.) Fashionable, flowery language, confident politician. Popular Sovereignty • Lincoln – (Rep.) plain-spoken, self-educated, very honest. No slavery in territories. * Douglas won but Lincoln was now famous (South saw that both national parties were against slavery). • Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Part of Illinois Senate race • Focus was on slavery in territory • Great Contrast:

  30. John Brown’s Raid -1859 • Wanted to spark slave rebellion • Captured Federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Va. • Brown and his raiders surrendered to Robert E. Lee. • Brown was tried and executed for treason

  31. John Brown’s Raid- Harper’s Ferry, Va.

  32. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.100010565/default.htmlhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.100010565/default.html

  33. John Brown headed to his execution

  34. Event aroused strong feelings: • North: “Courageous martyr” • South: “reckless disregard for human life” to urge slave rebellions Moved US closer to war Election of Lincoln – Nov.1860 • 4 Parties and candidates- divided votes • Lincoln won with only Northern support • S.C. and 6 others seceded- Dec. 1860

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