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The Complex History of Afghanistan: From Independence to Modern Conflict

Afghanistan, dubbed the "Heart of Asia," has a rich and tumultuous history marked by foreign invasions and internal strife. After gaining independence in 1919, the country witnessed a 40-year reign of King Zahir Shah, followed by political upheaval and power struggles. The Soviet invasion in 1979 catalyzed a battle that displaced millions with the rise of the Mujahedeen, supported by global powers. The Taliban emerged in 1996, and following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Afghanistan became a focal point for international military interventions, deeply shaping its modern journey.

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The Complex History of Afghanistan: From Independence to Modern Conflict

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  1. Introduction, History, and ContextCollege Composition Fall 2011

  2. Write down your thoughts, ideas, and observations about the following images…..

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  7. Setting of the Story: Afghanistan “Heart of Asia” Bordering Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and China

  8. A Brief History of Afghanistan….. • 1919 fights for independence from foreign forces and wins • 1933-1973Zahir Shah reigns as king • 1973 Shah is exiled and Daud takes power as a republic, power struggles continue

  9. 1979 Soviet Union invades • 1980Mujahedeen groups fight Soviet forces with the support of the U.S. , Pakistan, China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia

  10. History continued…. • 1985 Half of Afghani population now estimated to be displaced by war • 1988Peace accords signed between Afghanistan, Pakistan, U.S., and Soviet Union

  11. 1989 All Soviet troops leave Civil War continues… • 1996 Taliban emerges and seizes control • September 11, 2001 • October 2001 U.S. and British air strikes on Afghanistan after refusal to hand over Osama Bin Laden BBC News

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