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Evolution of the International System: From Empires to the Cold War and Beyond

This comprehensive overview explores the evolution of the international system through critical historical epochs. Starting with the Age of Empires, it examines the dynamics between great powers, the fate of weaker states, and the factors leading to the creation and collapse of political systems. It elucidates the transition from empires to the nation-state model, the balance of power during the Concert of Europe, the tumultuous interwar period, and the Cold War's bipolar tensions. Ultimately, it reflects on the geopolitical landscape following the Cold War and the implications for international relations today.

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Evolution of the International System: From Empires to the Cold War and Beyond

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  1. Evolution of the International System • What is the relationship between the great powers • What is the fate of the weaker states • What explains the creation and collapse of the system

  2. 1. Age of Empires

  3. Ancient Egypt (3400 – 30 BC)

  4. Rome

  5. African Empires

  6. Mongol Empire

  7. Europeans in Africa

  8. 2. Early Nation-State System

  9. Holy Roman Empire

  10. Challenge to HRE • Nationalism • Protestant Reformation • Thirty years War 1618-1648 • Treaty of Westphalia

  11. Napoleon’s Challenge to Europe

  12. 3. Concert of Europe 1815-1914

  13. Congress of Vienna • Jean Baptiste Isabey (1767-1855)

  14. Concert of Europe Balance of Power 1815-1914 England Russia Prussia/Germany France Austria-Hungary

  15. England’s Balancing Act England Russia Prussia/Germany France Austria-Hungary

  16. German Perception of Balance of Power on 1914? England France Russia Germany A/H

  17. WW I • 1914-1918 • “Great War” • “War to End All Wars” • The progress of WW I (Western Front) • Casualties

  18. 4. Interwar Period Interwar Period Changes • Austria-Hungary • Russia • US • League of Nations • Depression

  19. Balance of Power on Eve of WW II Germany France Japan England Italy Russia China US

  20. 5. The Cold War US v. USSR 1945-1990

  21. Characteristics of the Cold War • Bipolar Balance of Power • Regional Conflict • Nuclear Weapons • Ideology?

  22. 1. Bipolar Balance of Power Israel Syria/Egypt Ethiopia Somalia Taiwan China S. Korea N. Korea S. Viet Nam N. Viet Nam W. Berlin E. Berlin W. Germany E. Germany Britain/France/JapanPoland/Czech US USSR

  23. Division of Europe

  24. 2. Regional Conflict and Spheres of Influence

  25. 3. Atomic and Nuclear Weapons

  26. August 6, 1945 Hiroshima

  27. Hiroshima Before After

  28. August 9, 1945 Nagasaki

  29. Nagasaki: Before and After

  30. ICBMIntercontinental Ballistic Missile

  31. Trajectory of ICBMs

  32. SLBM – Submarine-launched Ballistic Missile

  33. Launch Tube HatchesUSS Alabama (SSBN)

  34. Strategic Bombers

  35. 4. Ideology?Communism vs. Liberal Democracy?Realist Power Rivalry? Pres. Carter and Shah of Iran, 1977 Pres. Nixon and Chinese Leader Mao Zedong, 1972

  36. End of the Cold WarMikhail Gorbachev UK PM Thatcher and Gorbachev

  37. 6. After the Cold War?

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