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NETGEAR Product Training Home Wireless Products

NETGEAR Product Training Home Wireless Products. Presented by Hien Ly Level 3, Sr. Tech Support Engineer September 2006. Agenda. Part 1 Introduction to NETGEAR Products Line Home Wireless Products Overview How to identify products by part numbers? Home Wireless Technologies

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NETGEAR Product Training Home Wireless Products

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  1. NETGEAR Product TrainingHome Wireless Products Presented by Hien Ly Level 3, Sr. Tech Support Engineer September 2006

  2. Agenda • Part 1 • Introduction to NETGEAR Products Line • Home Wireless Products Overview • How to identify products by part numbers? • Home Wireless Technologies • IEEE Wireless Standards – 802.11a/b/g/n • Product comparison • Wireless Troubleshooting Tips & Techniques • Configuration Assistant (CA) Bypass • Maximizing Wireless Range • Troubleshooting Flow overview • Part 2 • Introduction to NETGEAR Storage Central • SC101 Overview • SC101 Troubleshooting Guide • Part 3 • Brief introduction to NETGEAR Multimedia products • EVA700 • Skype Phone

  3. Print Servers Firewall/VPN Routers Carrier Home Switches Business Powerlines VoIP NETGEAR Access Points Wireless Routers Multimedia Devices Broadband Voice Adapter Cable/DSL Gateways Ethernet Adapters NETGEAR Product Family Ethernet Adapters Storage Central

  4. Internet NETGEAR Home Products Digital Entertainer Wireless Adapter Storage Central VoIP Skype Phone RangeMax 240 Wireless Router Graphic Source: MS WinHEC 2001 Digital Music Player Wireless Game Adapter

  5. NETGEAR Home Wireless Routers

  6. NETGEAR Home Gateways

  7. NETGEAR Ethernet Adapters

  8. NETGEAR Ethernet Adapters

  9. NETGEAR Multimedia & VoIP

  10. NETGEAR Powerlines

  11. Print Servers WGPS606 PS110 PS121 Wireless Router

  12. NETGEAR Storage Central

  13. NETGEAR Access Points

  14. NETGEAR Access Points • WAG302 ProSafe Wireless Access Point • IEEE 802.11a/b/g Dual Band – up to 108 Mbps in turbo mode • Integrated IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet • SNMP support • Wi-Fi Certified and Plenum-rated • WG302 ProSafe Wireless Access Point • IEEE 802.11g 54 Mbps – up to 108 Mbps in turbo mode • Integrated IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet • SNMP support • Intel ™ “Verified with Centrino” • Wi-Fi Certified and Plenum-rated • WG102 ProSafe Wireless Access Point • IEEE 802.11g 54 Mbps – up to 108 Mbps in turbo mode • Integrated IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet • SNMP support • Wi-Fi Certified and Plenum-rated • Accessories (Antennas, Cables and clients) • 5, 9 18 dBi antennas (2.4 GHz) • Cable lengths: 1.5m, 3m, 5m & 10m • 802.11a/g PCI and cardbus

  15. NETGEAR AP Comparison

  16. Tech Support Tip • How to identify what type of adapter by its model number? • 111 = USB (i.e.: WG111, WPN111) • 111 + T = Super G 108Mbps (i.e.: WG111T) • 121 = USB (new casing – MIMO, N-Draft) • i.e.: WPNT121, WN121T • 311 = PCI • i.e.: WPN311, WN311T • 511 = CardBus

  17. Home Wireless Technologies

  18. Wi-Fi Alliance • Originally the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance, WECA • Original members: 3Com, Aironet (now Cisco), Harris Semiconductor (now Intersil), Lucent (now Agere), Nokia, and Symbol formed in 1999 • Renamed Wi-Fi Alliance in October 2002 is a nonprofit international trade association that developed the Wi-Fi brand in 1999 to certify interoperability of wireless local area network products based on IEEE 802.11 standards. • Wi-Fi Alliance product certification began in March of 2000. The primary mission of the Wi-Fi Alliance is to assure a positive user experience through product interoperability.

  19. 802.11 Variants

  20. 802.11 Extended Protocol Layer • Wi-Fi news • WMM – Wi-Fi Multimedia • Subset of the 802.11e QoS protocol • WPA2 (AES support) • Update to WPA for the ratified 802.11i security protocol. Certifications began in September 2004. • WEP • Considered being dropped from Wi-Fi Certification requirements

  21. Wi-Fi Multimedia -- WMM Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), video streaming, and interactive gaming are highly sensitive to latency increases and throughput reductions, and require QoS. To meet this need, the Wi-Fi Alliance started interoperability certification for WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) as a profile of the upcoming IEEE 802.11e QoS extensions for 802.11 networks. WMM prioritizes traffic demands from different applications and extends Wi-Fi’s high quality end-user experience from data connectivity to voice, music, and video applications under a wide variety of environment and traffic conditions. WMM defines four access categories (voice, video, best effort, and background) that are used to prioritize traffic so that these applications have access to the necessary network resources. Additionally, WMM-enabled Wi-Fi networks concurrently support legacy devices that lack WMM functionality. The WMM best effort access category and legacy devices transmit with the same priority. From http://www.wi-fi.org/membersonly/getfile.asp?f=WMM_QoS_whitepaper.pdf

  22. IEEE, 802.11, and Technology • The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ratified the original 802.11 specification in 1997 as the the first internationally sanctioned standard for wireless LANs. That version of 802.11 provided for 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps data rates and a set of fundamental signaling methods and other services. • The 802.11 standards focus on the bottom two levels of the ISO model, the physical layer and data link layer. Most LAN applications, network operating system, or protocol, including TCP/IP and Novell NetWare, will run on an 802.11-compliant WLAN as easily as they run over Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)

  23. The 802.11b Standard • The basic architecture, features, and services of 802.11b are defined by the original 802.11 standard. The 802.11b specification affects only the physical layer, adding higher data rates and more robust connectivity. • IEEE ratified the 802.11b standard (also known as 802.11 High Rate) for transmissions of up to 11 Mbps. • 802.11b cards can operate at 11 Mbit/s, but will scale back to 5.5, then 2, then 1 Mbit/s. Since the lower data rates use less complex and more redundant methods of encoding the data, they are less susceptible to corruption due to interference and signal attenuation.

  24. 802.11b+ • Extensions have been made to the 802.11b protocol (e.g., channel bonding and burst transmission techniques) in order to increase speed to 22, 33, and 44 Mbit/s, but the extensions are proprietary and have not been endorsed by the IEEE. Many companies call enhanced versions "802.11b+". These extensions have been largely obviated by the development of 802.11g, which has data rates up to 54 Mbit/s and is backwards-compatible with 802.11b.

  25. The 802.11a Standard • Another extension to 802.11 that provides up to 54 Mbps in the 5GHz band. • Uses an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) encoding scheme rather than FHSS or DSSS. • Not widely accepted due to being released in the same timeframe as 802.11g, and unlike 802.11g, 802.11a is NOT compatible with 802.11b • Good alternative for areas with a high number of 802.11g devices. 5GHz band is well above the 2.4GHz range and less prone to interference. • 5.8GHz cordless phones may cause some interference.

  26. 802.11a • Since the 2.4 GHz band is heavily used, using the 5 GHz band gives 802.11a the advantage of less interference. • 5GHz (802.11a) cannot penetrate as far as 2.4GHz (802.11b or g) since it is absorbed more readily by obstructions, other things (such as power) being equal. • 5Ghz restricts the use of 802.11a to almost line of sight, necessitating the use of more access points

  27. The 802.11g Standard • In June 2003, a third modulation standard was ratified: 802.11g • Uses the 2.4 GHz band (like 802.11b) • Maximum raw data rate of 54 Mbit/s, or about 24.7 Mbit/s net throughput like 802.11a. • It is fully backwards compatible with b and uses the same frequencies. • Note:The presence of an 802.11b participant significantly reduces the speed of an 802.11g network.

  28. 802.11g • While 802.11g held the promise of higher throughput, actual results were mitigated by a number of factors: • Conflict with 802.11b-only devices • Exposure to the same interference sources as 802.11b, • Limited channelization (only 3 fully non-overlapping channels like 802.11b) • Higher data rates of 802.11g are often more susceptible to interference than 802.11b, causing the 802.11g device to reduce the data rate to effectively the same rates used by 802.11b

  29. 802.11g – Super G • Boost network speeds up to 108 Mbit/s by using channel bonding. • Requires specific hardware • May not be interoperable between vendors at 108 Mbps speeds, but 54 Mbps works • Even more susceptible to interference in the 2.4GHz range • Wi-Fi Certification now requires removal of the Static 108 feature, but still allows for Auto 108.

  30. What is Pre-N? 802.11n Candidates • MIMO technology has become the widely accepted technology to drive future innovation in the future. • Nearly all Wi-Fi companies have committed MIMO to their roadmap • A new task group (802.11n) has formed to improve Wi-Fi performance and enable new applications • The key element of all the main proposals is MIMO • The 802.11 standards process will take several years. In the meantime many OEMs and virtually all major chipset companies intend to develop pre-standard “Pre-N” versions of MIMO products. • As with “Pre-G”, companies who take the lead in the “Pre-N” market segment will lead in the 802.11n market

  31. The 802.11n Standard – N-Draft v1.0 • 802.11n draft v1.0 approved in January 2006 • Allows interoperability between different vendors to support 100+Mbps • NETGEAR Products with Broadcom and Marvell chipsets are compatible with other vendor 802.11n products to support up to 270Mbps • Software upgradeability to IEEE ratified 802.11n is now possible • Backward compatibility with 802.11b/g • Adaptive Channel Expansion to dynamically expand to 40Mhz channel instead of 20Mhz for higher speeds • 20Mhz – 145 / 130 / 116 / 87 /58 / 43 / 29 / 22 / 14 / 7Mbps • 40Mhz – 300 / 270 / 240 / 180 / 150 / 135 / 120 /90 / 60 / 45 / 30 / 15Mbps • Many competing vendors • Currently: Atheros, Broadcom and Marvell • Still based on MIMO (Multiple In, Multiple Out) technologies.

  32. What is MIMO? • MIMO is an acronym for Multiple In Multiple Out/ • Multiple data streams are simultaneously sent and received wirelessly across a single 20 Mhz channel

  33. MIMO vs Traditional 802.11g

  34. What is RangeMax™? • RangeMax™ is an advanced Smart MIMO (Multi-In, Multi-Out) technology that uses seven internal antennas. • RangeMax™ constantly surveys your home environment for physical barriers and interference and adjusts the wireless signal to compensate • RangeMax™ automatically senses changes in the network and selects from 126 possible antenna configurations to deliver the best throughput at range

  35. What is RangeMax™ NEXT?

  36. What is Smart Internal Antennas? • Smart antennas are factory tuned and configured for optimal performance • Internal antennas are protected from damage and mis-alignment • Smart internal antennas take the guesswork out of set-up • MIMO based technology • MIMO (Multiple-In, Multiple-Out), which has been used interchangeably with "Smart Antenna", is a broad term that describes an approach that uses multiple antennas and advanced signal processing to manage multipath interference to increase performance and range in a wireless environment.

  37. Adapts to Interferences on-the-fly

  38. Speed and Range Compared to 802.11g

  39. Home Wireless Technology Summary

  40. 802.11 Standard Summary • 802.11b • Maximum rate = 11Mbps (typical 6Mbps) • 2.4Ghz Frequency using DSSS Modulation • Maximum range = ~100ft @ 11Mbps, ~300ft @ 1Mbps • 3 non-overlapping channels • 802.11g • Maximum rate = 54Mbps (typical 25Mbps) • 2.4Ghz Frequency using OFDM Modulation • Maximum range = ~100ft @ 54Mbps, ~300ft @ 6Mbps • 3 non-overlapping channels • 802.11a • Maximum rate = 54Mbps (typical 25Mbps) • 5Ghz Frequency using OFDM Modulation • Maximum range = ~80ft @ 54Mbps, ~250ft @ 6Mbps • 8 non-overlapping channels • 802.11n (Draft v1.0) • Maximum rate = 300Mbps (typical 97Mbps – NETGEAR WNR854T) • 2.4Ghz or 5Ghz using OFDM Modulation • Maximum range = ~100ft @ 300Mbps, ~200ft @ 7Mbps • 3 non-overlapping channels

  41. Wireless Routers Troubleshooting Tips • How to bypass Configuration Assistant (CA)? • Factors Affecting Wireless • Range • Locations & Distances • How to Maximize Range? • Powerline Wireless Range Extender • Speed • Interferers • How to improve performance? • Understanding Data Rate vs. Throughput • Maximizing Interoperability • Security • SSID • MAC Address Control List (ACL) • Encryption • How to use a router as an AP?

  42. Wireless Routers Troubleshooting Tips • Useful DOS troubleshooting commands • ipconfig/all • Tracert • Find out where a packet stopped on the network • netstat –a • Displays active TCP session on your PC • netstat –rn / route print • Displays all the routes from point A to point B • arp -a • ping • ping –l • ping –t • ping time / TTL

  43. NETGEAR Standard Login • http://www.routerlogin.com • http://www.routerlogin.net • http://192.168.1.1 or http://192.168.0.1 Username: admin Password: password

  44. Avoiding the Browser Hi-jack • Older routers (i.e.: MR814v2, WGR614v5) • http://www.routerlogin.com/basicsetting.htm • Click Apply • Wireless radio will not be enabled if Apply is not checked, even if no settings are changed • Newer routers (i.e.: WGR614v6, WGT624v3, WPN824, etc…) • http://www.routerlogin.com/CA_HiddenPage.htm • Select “Disable”

  45. Factors that Affect Range • Distance between connections • Antenna power is radiated in 3 dimensions – in order to double the range, you must cube the power or use directional antennas. • 100mW range = 1000 ft, 200mW, 1,260 ft • Clear Channel Selection • Antenna Size & Location • Signal Absorbing Materials • Buildings with metal construction, or foil back insulation • Metal studs in walls • Live foliage (trees) • Humid Air/Fog • Anything with metal, water or other conductive material • Transmit power • Receiver Sensitivity • The more sensitive, the more it will pick up background signals on the same frequency

  46. How to Maximize Wireless Range • Place the router high to avoid people traffic • Keep away from cordless phones -- base and handsets • Avoid flat metal surfaces • Keep away from Cathode Ray Tubes -- CRT monitors, televisions • Avoid the kitchen • Microwaves, refrigerators, reflective surfaces • Use “G-Only” or “N Only” setting if possible • Mixed B+G WLANs have reduced performance • WPN824 • Raise the router 3-5” using cardboard -- some surfaces may reduce the range

  47. Internet home office family room kid’s room Universal Wireless Range Extender Works with any vendors’ wireless or wired router & home network! kitchen Wall Plug Ethernet Bridge (XE102) Wall-Plugged Wireless Range Extender Kit (WGXB102 = WGX102 + XE102)HomePlug Powerline + 54 Mbps 11g Wireless AP Any vendors wired or wireless router! Any brand’s 11b or 11g Wireless or Wired Router Wall Plug + 54Mbps 11g Access Point (WGX102) Digital Entertainer (EVA700) Wireless anywhere for existing Home Networks

  48. Factors that Affect Performance • Multiple factors affect RF performance Path Loss • Diverse floor plans • Different building materials • No control over antenna placements • In-band interferers • Microwaves, cordless phones (Channels 1,6,11) • Multi-path • Traffic patterns • AC Units, Ceiling fans, ETC

  49. VPN Passthrough Some basic VPN issues can be resolved with the following settings: Note: Each PC must access a different VPN server • Router Settings • MTU 1458 • Disable SPI firewall • Static DNS – router and PC • DMZ – only good for one PC • PC/VPN Client • Check the client log • Lower MTU 1400-1458 • Disable PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) in the VPN Client

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