Chapter 3: The Road to Statehood

1. Chapter 3: The Road to Statehood Titan Blaster #4: List at least ten places in Mississippi that have Native American names.

2. Mississippi – Early Native Americans • The place we call Mississippi was first a frontier, then a territory, and finally a state. • The Paleo Period • Early native Americans may have come from Asia by crossing the Bearing Strait and migrating to Mississippi due to our warm weather. • They followed large animals and hunted them for food and to make clothing.

3. Mississippi – Early Native Americans • The Archiac Period • The climate became warmer and drier and many big animals died out. • Native Americans in Mississippi settled down and stopped wandering around. • They hunted deer and other small animals, fished and gathered foods. • They had no writing system, but did use stone tools.

4. Mississippi – Early Native Americans • The Woodland Period • Native Americans developed highly organized societies. • They were called moundbuilders- North American societies that built burial mounds over tombs. They lived along streams and learned to farm.

5. Mississippi – Early Native Americans • In the Woodland Period, Native Americans began to use bow and arrows. • They made pottery.

6. Mississippi – Early Native Americans • The Mississippian Period • The second largest Indian mound is the Emerald Mound near Natchez. • One mound near Natchez was built in stages. One mound was used for temple in which the bones of dead leaders were kept. The “Great Sun” or leader of the Natchez lived on the other. • The Choctaw made a 22 foot high mound near Louisville, MS called NanihWaiya. • They grew maize, or corn, and made tools for farming.

7. Chapter 3: The Road to Statehood Titan Blaster #5 – Complete the four “It’s Your Turn” questions on page 55. TURN ALL 5 IN TODAY. There is NO reason anyone else’s bell work should be on your desk.

8. Native Americans societies • The largest tribes in MS were the Chickasaw, Choctaw and Natchez. The Biloxi had a unique language while the other tribes had similar ones. • Within each village were clansor related families. The clan punished criminals and provided protection. It sought revenge for murders. • It had to approve marriages. Marrying outside of the clan was called exogamy. All children belonged to the mother’s clan. A boy’s closest relative was his uncle not his father. • Occasionally, a man would have two wives, usually sisters. That was known as polygamy.

9. European explorers • The first explorers in Mississippi were Spanish. • Spaniard Hernando de Soto explored the area looking for gold and silver. • His expedition killed over 4,000 Native Americans mostly by diseases they brought.

10. European explorers • Since de Soto’s men brought some of the first horses and pigs to America, the Indians did not know how to fight mounted soldiers.

11. European explorers • In 1542, de Soto had convinced the Indians that he was a god. When he died, his men buried him secretly and tried to sneak away.

12. European explorers • The French came next. In 1673, Louis Jolliet and Father Marquette sailed down the MS River looking for the Pacific Ocean.

13. Chapter 3: European Settlement Titan Blaster #1 What reason did the Spaniard Hernando de Soto come to America? Why did the French come to MS?

14. European explorers • The first European settlement in Mississippi was Fort Maurepas. Iberville was given credit for building the fort.

15. European explorers • Fort Maurepas had a poor water supply, few traders, poor soil, and no easy access into the interior so it was abandoned. • Bienville established New Orleans in 1718.

16. European explorers • Many French Canadians traveled up and down the MS River. After many were killed by Indians near Natchez, Bienville sailed up river and captured many chiefs. • They were held hostage until the murderers were executed.

17. European explorers • The French built Fort Rosalie near the site in Natchez. They were safe until 1729.

18. Native Americans and Europeans • In the French and Indian War, the French were supported by the Choctaws. The English had allies with the Chickasaw, Natchez and Creek. • The Indians were “bought” by trading items such as guns and gun powder.

19. Native Americans and Europeans • When France lost the war, it gave all its property east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans to England. • When MS was acquired by the British, it was placed in the province of West Florida.

20. Spanish control • After the Revolutionary War, Natchez was captured by the Spanish.

21. Spanish control • Under Spanish rule, the population of Natchez tripled from 2,000 to 6,900. • The Spanish governor, Manuel Gayoso, encouraged immigration to Mississippi with generous land grants, fertile land and religious tolerance of Protestants. • The most important crop grown in the Natchez District was cotton.

22. Chapter 3: The Road to Statehood Titan Blaster #2 – Complete the four “It’s Your Turn” questions on page 72.

23. Spanish control • Since travel by roads was difficult at best, river travel was very important. • Pinckney’s Treaty granted Americans the right to deposit their good in New Orleans ports to get them ready for ocean export.

24. US control of Mississippi • When the Americans took over Mississippi, the largest population was Native Americans. • The Natchez Trace connected Natchez to Nashville. Many standsor motels sprang up.

25. US control of Mississippi • The Northwest Ordinance of 1787guided new territories into the USA. It did prohibit slavery. • When MS population reached 60,000 people (excluding Indians), it could apply. • The first territorial governor was Winthrop Sargent.

26. The Capitol • Natchez was the first capital. • Sectionalism, an allegiance to local interests, became a big issue in Natchez. • The capital was then moved to Washington when President Jefferson named W.C.C. Clairborne governor. It was moved because too many rich plantation owners influenced decisions.

27. The Capitol • At this time, Mississippi was split into two with the eastern part being named Alabama. • Washington prospered as the territory capital until Jackson was chosen as the state’s capital.

28. Statehood • After being split, Mississippi became the twentieth state on December 10, 1817. • A constitutionsets up the framework for the government and determines its power and limits. • David Holmes became our first state governor.

29. Chapter 3: The Road to Statehood Titan Blaster #3 – Complete the first four questions in the section “Understanding the Facts” on page 74.