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Understanding Geographic Concepts: Key Themes and Terminology

This review covers essential geographic concepts including map conventions such as scale, cardinal directions, latitude, and longitude. It explores the themes of human-environment interaction, population density, and the impact of cultural convergence. Delve into the definitions of functional, formal, and perceptual regions, and understand natural phenomena like weather versus climate, and the significance of tectonic activities. This comprehensive guide serves to enhance your understanding of geography through key terms and practical examples.

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Understanding Geographic Concepts: Key Themes and Terminology

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  1. FINAL REVIEW!

  2. Intro & 5 themes • This map convention measures distance in miles or kilometers: key, compass rose, scale? • SCALE • This map convention shows cardinal direction (N,S,E,W): key, compass rose, scale? • COMPASS ROSE • A place’s distance north or south of the Equator is its: latitude, longitude? • LATITUDE • A place’s distance east or west of the Prime Meridian is its: latitude, longitude? • LONGITUDE

  3. Half of the earth is called a: latitude, hemisphere, functional region? • HEMISPHERE • A radio station and the surrounding area to which it broadcasts is a ___________ region: formal, functional, perceptual? • FUNCTIONAL • Whether or not Delaware is part of “the South” depends on your definition of this _____________ region: formal, functional, perceptual? • PERCEPTUAL • Pollution, building dams, and planting new forests are all examples of which theme: place, movement, human-environment interaction? • HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

  4. How can you tell which words mean a country & which mean a city? • CAPITAL LETTERS • What is the capital of India? • NEW DELHI • Is Mumbai north or south of Bangalore? • NORTH

  5. Physical geography • Day to day conditions in a place (temp. & precipitation) is its: weather, climate? • WEATHER • Which of these energy resources is nonrenewable: solar, geothermal, coal, hydroelectric? • COAL (FOSSIL FUEL) • The earth completing one orbit around the sun is called a: • REVOLUTION • The longest day of summer and the shortest day of winter are the: • SOLSTICES

  6. Patterns of temperature and precipitation over time define a place’s: weather, climate? • CLIMATE • Two tectonic plates colliding together is called: • CONVERGENCE • One plate sinking under another is called: • SUBDUCTION • Coniferous trees keep their seeds in: • CONES • Deciduous trees shed their _______ in the fall. • LEAVES • This climate has cool summers & VERY cold winters: arid, continental, tundra/subarctic? • TUNDRA/SUBARCTIC

  7. What is the climate of a desert ecosystem: arid, subarctic, continental? • ARID • What is the climate of a rainforest ecosystem: mediterranean, highlands, tropical wet? • TROPICAL WET • A narrow strip of land with water on two sides is called a(n): • ISTHMUS • An area of high, flat land is called a(n): • PLATEAU • A chain of islands is a called a(n): • ARCHIPELAGO • Land (rock or soil) being carried away by wind, rain, or ice is called: subduction, erosion, dialect? • EROSION

  8. Human geography • The total number of people per square mile is: population number, population volume, population density? • POPULATION DENSITY • Which of these is an example of material culture: language, clothing, religion, norms? • CLOTHING • Two cultures coming together & sharing their customs is called: • CULTURAL CONVERGENCE • Which of these is NOT a main factor in where people will choose to live: water, fertile soil, wildlife, climate? • WILDLIFE

  9. In this type of government, people have the power to make decisions: democracy, dictatorship, empire? • DEMOCRACY • Someone who comes to power through their family line (like a king or emperor) is a: president, monarch, dictator • MONARCH • Manufacturing is an example of which level of economic activity: primary, secondary, tertiary? • SECONDARY • This is another word for a city area: rural, suburban, urban? • URBAN

  10. How many males age 0-4 were there in Yemen in 2013: less than 1 mil, about 1.5 mil, almost 2 mil? • ALMOST 2 MIL • Does this pyramid show a high or low birthrate? • HIGH (VERY WIDE BASE)

  11. PENNSYLVANIA • Most of PA’s Amish population live in ____________ county: Erie, Dauphin, Lancaster? • LANCASTER • This city in northwestern PA is located on a lake: State College, Erie, Scranton? • ERIE • Who founded Pennsylvania: William Penn, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson? • WILLIAM PENN • What important US document was signed in Philadelphia? • DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

  12. What fuel resource is mined from the Marcellus Shale: oil, natural gas, uranium? • NATURAL GAS • The Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers meet in this city: Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Gettysburg? • PITTSBURGH • What resource has been mined near Scranton: oil, lead, coal? • COAL • The Susquehanna River, named for a Native American tribe, flows south into what body of water: Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence? • CHESAPEAKE BAY

  13. UNITED STATES • Which region of the U.S. has the densest population: West, South, Northeast? • NORTHEAST • Which of these regions is NOT known for its fertile soil for growing crops: West, Midwest, South? • WEST • What resource made Alaska more valuable? • OIL • This region contains the Rocky Mountains: • WEST

  14. Which state was added in the 1950s because it was a convenient spot for a naval base/port? • HAWAII • Before cars were widely used, most people traveled by: canoe, horseback, railroads • RAILROADS • A pipe used to carry water to dry areas is a(n): aqueduct, caudillo, grain elevator • AQUEDUCT • __________ is a trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico: PETA, USSR, NAFTA • NAFTA

  15. CANADA • These provinces of Canada are also known as the “maritime provinces”: • ATLANTIC PROVINCES • The Canadian Shield, a large area of thin, rocky soil, borders which body of water? • HUDSON BAY • Name a Canadian province with a mostly subarctic climate: • YUKON, NW TERRITORIES, NUNAVUT • Which Canadian province borders the Pacific Ocean? • BRITISH COLUMBIA (OR YUKON)

  16. Which of these is NOT part of Canada’s global activity: trade, selling weapons, UN membership • SELLING WEAPONS • In which province is Canada’s national capital, Ottawa, located? • ONTARIO • Which province had a strong movement to break away from the country? • QUEBEC • Most of Canada’s agriculture is done is which provinces: Atlantic, Prairie, Northern Territories? • PRAIRIE PROVINCES

  17. LATIN AMERICA • On which side of Latin America are earthquakes & volcanoes common? • WEST • Which country colonized Mexico? • SPAIN • Permanent removal of the rainforest region is called: • DEFORESTATION • Urban slum areas (esp. in Brazil) are called: • FAVELAS

  18. The biggest industry in Central America is: • FARMING/AGRICULTURE • Venezuela’s biggest money-making resource is: • OIL/PETROLEUM • People who have to leave their homes to find seasonal jobs are called: favelas, migrant workers, criollos? • MIGRANT WORKERS • Farming just enough to meet the needs of one’s family or community is called: • SUBSISTENCE FARMING • Many Latin American countries have fought to overthrow __________, or military dictators, in favor of a democratic government. • CAUDILLOS

  19. EUROPE • Many European countries use this common currency to simplify trade and travel: • THE EURO • Which of these is NOT part of the U.K.: Iceland, Northern Ireland, Wales? • ICELAND • What city led Europe in the Industrial Revolution? • LONDON, ENGLAND • After both world wars, Germany had to pay millions of dollars in ___________: bailout, reparations, auroras • REPARATIONS

  20. What is the main climate of Portugal & Spain? • MEDITERRANEAN • Which of these countries does NOT touch the Alps Mountains: Austria, Germany, Italy, Norway? • NORWAY • Which of these is NOT a major industry in France: tourism, banking, winemaking, manufacturing? • BANKING • The Berlin Wall was built to separate East & West Germany during what world conflict: the Cold War, the Crimean War, WWI? • THE COLD WAR

  21. Which of these is NOT a major influential civilization of Europe: Vikings, Incas, Greeks, Celts? • INCAS • In what country is the Thames River found: Spain, England, Russia? • ENGLAND • The ____________ Ocean is located west of the United Kingdom. • ATLANTIC • From which of these countries are you LEAST likely to be able to see the aurora borealis: Iceland, Norway, Greece, Sweden? • GREECE

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