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Session 4: Interaction between local populations tourists

Tourism Cultures

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Session 4: Interaction between local populations tourists

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    1. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 1 Session 4: Interaction between local populations & tourists Karina M. Smed

    2. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 2 Agenda 9-28-2006 Global Code of Ethics for Tourism Platforms for tourism Tourism as a source of change Student presentation: Susanne Group Work

    3. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 3 Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (www.world-tourism.org) article 1 Tourism’s contribution to mutual understanding and respect between peoples and societies article 2 Tourism as a vehicle for individual and collective fulfilment article 3 Tourism, a factor of sustainable development article 4 Tourism, a user of the cultural heritage of mankind and contributor to its enhancement article 5 Tourism, a beneficial activity for host countries and societies

    4. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 4 Platforms for tourism: Advocacy Cautionary Adaptancy Knowledge-based

    5. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 5 Gambia as an example (after Denison Nash: ”Tourism as acculturation or development,” 1996) Source of income: agriculture (peanuts) Lacks foreign currency Tourism is a real possibility for economic growth Outside support is a necessity Advocacy: higher pay and more employment Cautionary: very few new jobs, social problems and no local control

    6. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 6 What is appropriate involvement? The knowledge-based platform objectivity

    7. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 7 Effects of tourism ”Ripple” effect Demonstration effect Adaption effect

    8. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 8 Scientific difficulties: Evidence of connections Methodology

    9. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 9 Acculturation or development development: often economic i.e. measured by economic progress – spread out to the whole community via ripple effect Acculturation: often socio-cultural change – demonstration effect eventually leads to acculturation

    10. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 10 Tourism may be both? Power relations – tourism as imperialism Succesful/unsuccesful development Lønstrup + Løkken – different approaches

    11. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 11 Culture shock: ”it is when people nurtured in (…) different psychological worlds meet that differences in cultural perspectives and communicative codes may sabotage efforts to understand one another. Repeated collisions between a foreigner and the members of a contrasting culture often produce what is called culture shock. it is a feeling of helplessness, even of terror or anger, that accompanies working (and being) in an alien society. One feels trapped in an absurd and indecipherable nightmare.” (Bennett, 1998:47)

    12. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 12 Tourist experiences and reactions: Culture shock Irritations The role of the guide Culture clash Cultural context Tourist types and frequency Cohen: predetermined reaction

    13. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 13 Student Presentation: Susanne

    14. Tourism Cultures & Intercultural Encounters 2006 14 Group Work: Poor Tourist Attractions which departure point could the advocacy and cautionary platforms be assumed to take here? how is the adaptancy platform represented in the text? How does this example fit with Global Code of Ethics? What do you think of these ethical rules, and what can they be used for?

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