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Aboriginal Groups in Canada. Canadian History 11. Aboriginal People. Aboriginal groups like in groups called tribes Each exhibited different traditions & living styles. Tribes were subdivided into bands or villages of a few families .
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Aboriginal Groups in Canada Canadian History 11
Aboriginal People • Aboriginal groups like in groups called tribes • Each exhibited different traditions & living styles. • Tribes were subdivided into bands or villages of a few families. • Communities had similarities in language, culture and political organization. • Some groups were nomadic (constantly moving) while others were famers (settled down) • Land and weather played an important role in shaping the lives of the people.
Language • 52 aboriginal languages spoken in Canada • Common ancestral language • Language can be grouped into 11 families (relation) • Ex: Athapaskan, Algonquian and Iroquoian. • Video = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULyRPpYHxdo&feature=related
The Algonquian • Woodlands had: deer, bear, moose, caribou, fish and even seals and whales on the coast. • Algonquian tribes had great hunting skills • Gathered wild food like: • rice and berries • Had to move around live in wigwams
The Mi’kmaq Nation • Maritime Provinces • Algonquian • Nomadic (according to the seasons) • Spring, summer and fall: Lived by the seashore (salmon, eel, lobster, clams, seals) • Winter: Lived more inland to hunt (moose, caribou, bear…)
Southern Ontario Hurons lived north of Lake Ontario and the Iroquois confederacy lived south of the lake. Huron-Iroquois word Kanata = village or community. Iroquois named after an animal. Expert farmers : corn, tobacco, squash and beans. They would trade their farmed goods for animal pelts and porcupine quills with tribe of the north. Corn, beans and squash = Three Sisters Towns of 2500 people and shared large “longhouses” The Iroquois
The Hurons • Lived north of Lake Ontario • Successful traders • Wanted a monopoly • Transportation: birch bark canoes • Rivals with Iroquois confederacy
Plains Tribes • Bison’s were at large (60 million) • Important to the tribes :(Blackfoot, Cree and the Sioux). • Culture surrounded the survival of the bison. • Food, tipis, clothing, containers and tools. • Later, horses became very important to their culture. • Walked on foot
The Blackfoot • Plain Tribe in Alberta • Religious belief: Medicine bundle and the Sun Dance • Protection against harm • Rawhide bag: medicine pipe, eagle feather or owl, sweet grass, chokecherry wood, pieces of tobacco, stones etc. • The Sun Dance: • Early summer • Relieve bad luck • Shaman would make cuts in person’s chest or back looped leather strips from the skin to the pole. • Danced around the pole gazing into the sun • Scars = badge of courage
Plateau Tribes • From British Columbia • Depended on the Fraser and the Thomson River. (full of salmon) Used the rivers for transportation. • Source of food: Deer, caribou, elk, and mountain sheep • Made log huts covered with bark for shelter. • Plateau Tribes: Interior Salish, Kootenay, and Athapaskan.
Northwest Coast • Known as the salmon people • The Haida, Tlingit and the other groups from that area. • Food was plentiful: deer and bear to ducks, seals and fish, fruits and plants. • Made totem poles • They moved to where the food was however, they always had a home base. • Communities had 2 groups – nobles and commoners. • Born into one group or the other.
Subarctic • Found throughout Canada. • Tribes= the Gwich’in up in the Yukon, the Dene in the northwest, The Cree and Ojibwa in the East. (spread out) • Dependant on the migrating herds. • Harsh living conditions groups would work together to survive. • They would trade food and medicine.
Subarctic • Groups would follow the herds, thus making them nomadic. • Bands(groups) worked together a lot to help each other survive. • Groups would be assigned certain tasks to help out. • They would also trade food and medicine.
The Arctic Inuit • Inuit culture is quite different from other groups • There are no trees, lots of deep snow and thick ice, and unique animals, such as seals, walrus, whales and caribou • Developed tools: hunting gear, (harpoons; they had dog sleds and kayaks to get around. • Built temporary shelters igloos and sod house • Oral history.
