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Cladograms and Dichotomous Keys

Cladograms and Dichotomous Keys. Taxons. Most genera contain a number of similar species The genus Homo is an exception (only contains modern humans) Classification is based on evolutionary relationships. Basis for Modern Taxonomy.

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Cladograms and Dichotomous Keys

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  1. Cladograms and Dichotomous Keys

  2. Taxons • Most genera contain a number of similar species • The genus Homo is an exception (only contains modern humans) • Classification is based on evolutionary relationships

  3. Basis for Modern Taxonomy • Homologous structures (same structure, different function) • Similar embryodevelopment • Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins

  4. Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) shows Similarities in mammals.

  5. Similarities in Vertebrate Embryos

  6. Cladogram • Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales

  7. Primate Cladogram

  8. Dichotomous Keying • Used to identify organisms • Characteristics given in pairs • Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

  9. 1a Tentacles present – Go to 2 1b Tentacles absent – Go to 3 2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles – 3 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4 3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5 Example of Dichotomous Key

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