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Advanced Acceleration Techniques for Heavy Ion Beams at the UNILAC Facility

This document outlines the intricate methods used to accelerate heavy ions, particularly 238U(73+), at the UNILAC facility, achieving speeds up to 20% of the speed of light. Key experimental parameters include pulse width for injection (47μs, 36.2% efficiency), beam structure, extraction times (1-9s), and magnet resetting times (0.5s). The SIS beam's capabilities, including its single and multi-turn injection, current outputs, and future projections for beam intensity, are also discussed. The significance of maintaining extra high vacuum (XHV) conditions in mitigating beam loss due to charge changes is emphasized.

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Advanced Acceleration Techniques for Heavy Ion Beams at the UNILAC Facility

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  1. acceleration deflecting magnets focussing magnets Max. 90% speed of light 20% speed of light experiment UNILAC Primary Beam Intensity eff. puls width for injection: 47μs 36.2% efficiency 15.5% speed of light intensity[s-1]=0.5*intensity[spill-1] period of one revolution 4.7μs 10 turns will be accepted for injection acceleration: 0.5 s extraction: 1.0 s magnet resetting: 0.5 s

  2. 130μs 130μs 130μs > 200ms > 200ms UNILAC beam structure width of the beam pulse: 130μs repetition rate: >200 ms beam current of MEVVA source for 238U ions (73+): 900μA= =1.0•1010 particles/s beam energy: 11.4 MeV/u (v/c=0.155) MEVVA source for 238U ions (73+): 150μA=1.7•109 particles/s Penning source for 238U ions (73+): 30μA=3.3•108 particles/s

  3. 0.5s 0.5s SIS beam structure– single-shot injection eff. pulse width for injection: 47μs (36.2% efficiency) UNILAC v/c=0.155 SIS circumference: 216.720m period of one revolution: 4.7μs 10 turns will be accepted for injection time for acceleration: 0.5s beam extraction : 1-9s time for magnet resetting: 0.5s Standard Operation: dB/dt=1.3T/s → 1.38s SIS18 Modus: dB/dt=4T/s → 0.45s SIS12 Modus: dB/dt=10T/s → 0.12s Injection of 1 UNILAC beam pulse 1.0• 1010 particles Minimum time for acceleration, extraction and magnet resetting: 2s (spill-length) SIS beam:1.0•1010 •0.362/2=1.8•109 particles/s=3.6• 109 particles/spill

  4. 0.5s 0.5s SIS beam structure– multi-multi-turn injection eff. pulse width for injection: 47μs (36.2% efficiency) time for injection: 1-2s time for cooling: 3s time for acceleration: 0.5s beam extraction : 1-9s time for magnet resetting: 0.5s Injection of 10 UNILAC beam pulse 10•1.7• 109 particles (150μA) Minimum spill length: 6-7s SIS beam: 10•1.7• 109 •0.362/7=8.7• 108 particles/s multi-multi-turn injection 3.1• 108 particles/ssingle-turn injection The present currents reached from the high current injector and sources need no stacking by the electron-cooler If a future UNILAC source can fill SIS with 1 beam pulse up to the incoherent space charge limit (3•1010 particles/spill), the maximum theoretical 238U beam intensity is 1.5•1010 particles/s. (time for acceleration, extraction and magnet resetting is only 2s)

  5. Lifetime and Beam Loss -XHV is the key to heavy ion acceleration XHV ≡ extra high vacuum

  6. SIS– beam loss due to charge change

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