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Understanding the Function and Structure of the Circulatory System

The circulatory system is vital for transporting food and oxygen to trillions of cells while removing waste products. It comprises three main components: the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers—right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. Blood vessels include arteries that carry oxygenated blood, veins that return deoxygenated blood, and capillaries where nutrient exchange occurs. Blood pressure is measured in systole and diastole, and the average adult contains approximately 5 liters of blood, composed of plasma, platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.

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Understanding the Function and Structure of the Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System Chapter 8 Blue Book

  2. Function of the Circulatory System • Transport food and oxygen to all of the trillions of living cells in a human body • Pick up waste products from those cells so that they can be dliminated from the body.

  3. Main Parts of the Circulatory System • Heart • Blood • Blood vessels

  4. The Heart • The heart has 4 chambers: • Right Atrium • Right Ventricle • Left Atrium • Left Ventricle

  5. 3 Types of Blood Vessels • Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart and then to the rest of the body. Usually shown in red. • Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood and wastes from the cells back to the heart and to the lungs to be excreted. • Capillaries: Tiny vessels only 1 cell wide that are near every living cell in the body. This is where the exchange of nutrients, gases and wastes occurs.

  6. How does blood get from our legs back to the heart? • One way valves inside the veins prevent the back flow of blood • Since veins are between leg muscles, when you walk the muscles contract and relax, helping to push the blood upwards.

  7. What does blood pressure measure? • The top number is called “systole”. This is the pressure of the blood as it is pushed out of the heart by the ventricles. • The bottom number is called “diastole”. This is the pressure when the ventricles are refilling.

  8. How much blood is in the body? • The average adult has 5L of blood!

  9. What are the 4 components of blood? • Plasma – the yellowish watery part of blood. • Platelets – responsible for blood clotting and scabs! • Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen to the cells. • White Blood Cells – fight diseases.

  10. Interesting Data! • 25,000,000,000,000 Red Blood Cells • 2,000,000 new RBC’s made every sec. • Heart Beats: • 70 x per min. • 4200 x per hour • 100,800 x per day • 36,792,000 x per year • 2,759,400,000 x in a lifetime (average 75 years old)

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